cfellrath's blog

The authors are using human models to test the questions posed. There were specific guidelines as to be able to join this study. The patients had to be between the ages of 18 to 70. They having to diagnosed by two to three study psychiatrists with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Bipolar II as it is defined in the Structured Clinical Interview in the DSM-IV. The patients have to had a depressive episode of at least 12 months duration and have previously tried four antidepressant treatments prior to the study. They also have to have an intolerance to electroconvulsive therapy or were unable to receive it. The patients also needed to have a score of 20 or higher on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Right before operation, the patients also need to have a score of 20 or higher across four weeks before the operation. The participants also need a score of 50 or less on the Global Assessment of Functioning. Although there were criteria to exclude participation. Patients could not have another medical or psychiatric disorder. The patients could not had substance use within the past twelve months, or a suicide attempt within the last 6 months of twice within the past two years. The patients could not be pregnant during the study.  The reason that humans rather than animals were chosen for the clinical trials is because it would be very difficult to replicate in animals. The study is based on having the patients describe how they feel emotionally which cannot be reproduced in animals.

. In Figure 1, four electrodes are inserted to the left and right of the cingulate making sure to have electrodes in both white and gray matter. After the surgery, the experiment had a single blind sham stimulation phase, in which patients were told that they would either receive a sham stimulation of active stimulation. Although all patients received four weeks of sham stimulation. After the four weeks of sham stimulation, all patients had received active stimulation for twenty-four weeks, with evaluation every one to two weeks. The next phase was the single-blind discontinuation phase. In this phase patients were told they were either going to receive active or sham stimulation, although all would have received sham. This phase was only performed in three patients and was eliminated due to concerns for patient safety. The last phase was observational follow-up, where patients received active stimulation and were evaluated monthly for three months, then every three months for nine months, and then every six months.

There were six main phases in the study. The first phase was finding patients for the clinical trial. In order to find participants, recruitment information was posted on the Emory University website. Out of the 1091 who had interest in the study 323 people had a telephone interview, 194 were chosen to submit medical records, 39 were screened in person, and in the end only 17 participants were chosen in the trial. After the evaluation phase, the 17 patients were screened further and were allowed to continue taking their current psychotropic medications, although no new medications were able to be added. In the surgery phase electrodes bilaterally into inserted into the subcallosal cingulate with local or general anesthesia.

Right before operation, the patients also need to have a score of 20 or higher across four weeks before the operation. The participants also need a score of 50 or less on the Global Assessment of Functioning. Although there were criteria to exclude participation. Patients could not have another medical or psychiatric disorder. The patients could not had substance use within the past twelve months, or a suicide attempt within the last 6 months of twice within the past two years. The patients could not be pregnant during the study.  The reason that humans rather than animals were chosen for the clinical trials is because it would be very difficult to replicate in animals. The study is based on having the patients describe how they feel emotionally which cannot be reproduced in animals.

In this experiment we planned to find the correlation between the number of arthropods present and temperature, as we predicted that the higher the temperature would also mean a higher amount of arthropods. We went to two separate buildings on opposite sides of the Morrill complex of buildings to compare the temperatures and find how many arthropods would be present on the windowsills. We decided to take five different points in each building of Morrill III and Morrill IV. In Morrill III, we observed window sills in rooms 203, 204, 302, 304, and 404 to look for arthropods, and recorded the data of a two week span. In Morrill IV, we observed window sills on floors 4, 3 and the stairwell from floor 3 to floor 2 and floor 2 to floor 1, we also recorded the data for a two week span. The trend that is shown in our graphs shows that as the temperatures are raised the number of arthropods present also rises. Although there are fluctuations in the number or arthropods present which we believe to be contributed to the fact that the temperature fluctuates throughout the week and day.

The relevance of the questions posed in this study is to find another safe effective treatment for depression. This new treatment is to be used for those who have not had success from previous less invasive treatments such as therapy or drug therapy. If the treatment is proven safe and effective it can help those who are suffering from previously untreatable depression for most of their lives.

The objective of the study is to see if deep brain stimulation that is common use of treatment in diseases such as Parkinson’s disease can be used to safely treat treatment-resistant depression. There were two question that were posed in this study. The first question was addressing whether or not there is an antidepressant effect associated with sham SCC DBS. The second question was whether or not SCC DBS is safe and effective in patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression.

 As I examined the diet of this species, I found that the species diet consisted of grass. I looked at the structure of the teeth, and observed hypsodont teeth. These teeth were also occulusal, lophodont teeth consistent with the diet of grazer such as horses. The digestive system also pointed in the direction of a grazers’ diet. The esophagus was 5-7 feet long. The stomach was could hold between 10-22 quarts. The small intestine was around feet and could hold 72 quarts. The cecum was around 6 feet long and could hold 30-38 quarts. The large colon and small were 12-14 feet and held 86 quarts and 16 quarts. The colon also contained commensal bacteria which helped with the breakdown of the grass in the digestive tract. The rectum of this animal was 2 feet. The length of each part of the digestive tract had resembled that of the Equidae family, although, due to this animal being larger the tract was also larger.

As I examined the diet of this animal, I found that the species diet consisted of grass. I looked at the structure of the teeth, and observed hypsodont teeth. These teeth were also occulusal, lophodont teeth consistent with the diet of grazer such as horses. The digestive system also pointed in the direction of a grazers’ diet. The esophagus was 5-7 feet long. The stomach was could hold between 10-22 quarts. The small intestine was around feet and could hold 72 quarts. The cecum was around 6 feet long and could hold 30-38 quarts

The first glance of this new unique species occurred as I was looking for the dens of prairie dogs. At first I had thought I found a newly colored horses, although, while looking more closely at this majestic animal, I had realized this animal was significantly larger than an average horse. I would say this animal was about 10 feet high off the ground and weighed between 600-1500 pounds. The structure of the face of the animal looked similar to that of a giraffe. The coloring of this animal was brown with large spots of orange. The animal had pointed ears, although, what caught my eye was the projections next to the ears. These projections were ossicones which I had only seen on the family of Giraffidae. As I continued to look at this animal, I realized that the structure of the animal’s legs were most similar to that of the family of Equidae. The foot of this animal was very much elongated. The calcaneum was located on the posterior of the hind limbs. The animal had a single pulley astragalus, which is common of the order Perissodactyla. The most intriguing was the mesaxonic foot that this animal had. The animals had cursorial locomotion, and was aided by the fact that the animal contained a cannon bone, therefore, this animal is able to run as efficient as the horses, which are known as the more cursorial perissodactyl. After this first encounter with this new species I decided I would tag the animal and examine it further.