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When I had to think of the significance that the research my group might conduct, I thought about what is already known about the UMASS campus, including its reputation, its goals, and the possible potential of this university. If sustainability and taking care of the environment is something that UMASS strives for and cares for, then this kind of research can provide some kind of data to management facilities, students, and research facilities. This information can include not only ways to create a sustainable environment but also a means to evaluate whether or not all of the hard work that people have put into the "campus climate" is actually paying off and worth it. For instance, if you look at all of the trees on this campus, you can tell how much work has been put into managing them. However, it is important to ask yourself if it was all worth it. What kind of benefit does it bring to our society? Is it sustainable for the present-day and more importantly, for the future? Our research can provide some kind of feedback on that by measuring biodiversity/species diversity in the soil around various campus trees because species diversity is a great indicator of sustainability. Sustainability is important for the college campus.

Throughout the course of our existence the human race has been thought to be responsible for a staggering level of extinction events. However, through the means given to us by modern medicine, we now have the ability to save one individual breed of man’s best friend, the canis lineage, from a rapidly spreading retrovirus. Before a decision is made I believe that an intrinsic worth or value should be assigned to each breed that is determined by their practical use and popularity. From this value, we can then identify the most prefered breeds and then make a decision based on this value from a nation-wide voting system that is similar to the system used in presidential elections. After personally weighing the importance of the breed to mankind and their popularity I believe that the German Shepherd should be vaccinated against the retrovirus.

This experiment, which will be conducted on the University of Massachusetts Amherst campus, will aim to identify the differences in grass diversity relative to multiple variables. These variables include the pH of the soil, the amount of sunlight the area receives, the amount of foot traffic on the patch of grass, how close to a roadway the patch is, the elevation of the grass relative to its surroundings, the frequency that the grass is mowed, how long ago the grass was planted, and how close the grass is to a body of water. It is important to note that weeds will also be identified when determining species richness of an area. The results of these tests will allow us to see the way an urban environment like a college campus affects the diversity of the grass and weeds that grow on it.

In the article “Experimental evidence for a mismatch between insect emergence and waterfowl hatching under increased spring temperatures,” it states that insect emergence is mainly driven by temperature. This article shows that even changing a few degrees of temperature will affect whether insects will thrive or not. This information can be used to take into consideration the variation in temperature within both Morrill buildings and within the different floors.

There are two types of muscles smooth and striated. Smooth muscles are located in the digestive tract. Smooth muscles function by the pathway of the autonomic nervous system, which is the pathway from the brain that occurs involuntary. Striated muscles are broken down further as cardiac and skeletal. Cardiac muscles are also controlled by the autonomic nervous system and are located in the cardiovascular region of the body such as the heart. Skeletal muscles are the muscles that move bones around joints, moves eyes, they also help a person breather and produce speech such as the diaphragm. Unlike the cardiac and smooth muscles, skeletal muscles are controlled by the somatic nervous system.

For this particular scenario posed, I feel that the type of breed that should be saved and vaccinated is a German Shepherd. We all know German Shepherd's tplay a vast role in society today. Ranging from serving in the police force to army. In these particular situations they serve roles like detecting bombs or drugs present around the surrounding area. According to the American Kennel Club German shepherds when you first look at a German shepherd they are strong and well-musculated, who are attentive, and alert. According to American Kennel Club, “It is poised, but when the occasion demands, eager and alert; both fit and willing to serve in its capacity as companion, watchdog, blind leader, herding dog, or guardian, whichever the circumstances may demand.” [2] As one can see they have multiple roles in a person life and will serve each one with loyalty and confidence characteristics.   

Sieve tube elements and sieve plates are two completely different elements in a plant, despite the similar names. Sieve tube elements are components that form end to end to create sieve tubes, while sieve plates form between the sieve tubes. The sieve plate has micropores in it that connect the adjacent sieve tubes, allowing for material exchange between each tube. Normally this would pose a risk to the plant because one damaged sieve tube would cause the whole plant to “bleed out” as all of the water and nutrients it was transporting would be lost. To combat this, the plant can detect when the sieve tube is damaged and secrete callose, which can seal the pores in the sieve plate to stop nutrient and water transfer in that tube. This process acts much like coagulation in the human body.

   The authors found that “ Scandinavian wolves are highly differentiated both from the neighbouring eastern population and from historical Scandinavian wolves.” All of the wolf populations were found to be significantly differentiated. The genetic variability was significantly lower in the Scandinavian wolf population than other populations. A sharp decline in heterozygosity was observed. The decrease in heterozygosity was measured at 30 % per generation which matches the estimate. The addition of a new immigrant to the population increased mean heterozygosity from 0.49 to 0.62. The sharp decline in heterozygosity was thought to be due to inbreeding, The expected loss of heterozygosity for a population of two individuals would be 25% per year. The observed value was 30%, which is relatively close. However the formula is likely not accurate in such small populations. As expected, the addition of the new immigrant and new alleles increased heterozygosity.

Planarians play an important role in water based ecosystems and can serve as bioindicators. Planarians can be used to determine the quality of a freshwater source. Abundance and presence of planarians can provide information about a given ecosystem or body of water. Planarians are sensible to environmental changes and pollution of the ecosystem they reside in. If pollution levels are above a certain degree, planarians would not be able to reproduce and eventually will die off. Other factors that can cause the distribution and presence of planarians to be skewed negatively are temperature and ecological processes. Extreme water temperatures can cause the environment to be uninhabitable for planarians.

Trimyristin was isolated from ground nutmeg seed using t-butyl methyl ether to yield 29% crude product.  The crude trimyristin was recrystallized once to yield 40% of product and recrystallized a second time to yield 10% of pure product.  The starting material, ground nutmeg seed, contains many more compounds than just trimyristin, which would explain why the yields appear to be of small value.  As the purity of the product increased through successive recrystallizations, the amount of product obtained decreased as the mass of the impurities or other compounds were lost.  Excessive heating could have caused some reactant to evaporate out of the distillation column, and the cotton fiber may have absorbed some of the solution when performing pressure filtration.  The purity is represented in the melting points of the products.  The first recrystallized product had a melting point of 48-50 °C, and the second recrystallized product had a melting point of 50-52 °C.  Both of these ranges suggest that impurities were present because they are lower than the literature value melting point of trimyristin is 56-57 °C.  However, after each successive recrystallization the melting point became closer to the accepted value for trimyristin indicating the removal of most impurities.  The product is still assumed to be trimyristin.