Persepolis is a graphic novel about a little girl growing up in a time of conflict for Iran. Despite the cartoonish appearence and art style, inocent people are imprisoned and executed just for speaking their mind. In an effort to spare the little girl suffering, her parents send her to grow up in vienna where she was simultaneously saved and alieneted. As she gets older she learns about how Iranians are viewed, romantic relationships, and her own idealistic beliefs.
1. Organization is key. The poster needs to look like it was it was put together in order and easy for people to read.
2. Having big easy to read titles. It should be very apparent to the reader what will be on the poster just by looking at the title and different section titles of the poster.
3. There should be a limit to the number of figures used. There shouldn't be more figures than there are sections in the poster. One or two figures is enough and possibly an additional picture or two of what you are studying to help readers get an idea of what the study was about.
4. The text should be clear, concise, and brief if possible. The text with all of the information in it should be brief so that readers don't spend too long just reading small text. The poster needs to get its points across in as few words as possible while still fully explaining the subject/project.
5. Using color can help readers find different portions of the poster. You can highlight different sections to help readers jump around to the different parts. The colors used shouldn't be too bright or abrasive. They should be kept pretty neutral.
6. Any figures or pictures should have a heading or description of what it is showing. Figures should also include some form of a key if applicable so that they may be easier to understand.
7. There needs to be a balance of the spaced used between text boxes and figures/ images. You don't want the figures to take up the majority of the poster, also you don't want a poster that is mostly text because that may deter people from reading it.
8. Make sure that the font is big enough for people to read from a distance. You don't want people to be less than a foot away to have to read your poster.
For the chemotaxis portion of the motility and chemotaxis lab, I hypothesized that the Serratia marcescens will move towards the nutrient source rather than the Enterococcus faecalis. I expect these results to occur because Serratia marcescens is a known motile organism and reacts in the presence of nutrients and therefore will be chemotactic, this same attraction will occur with the glycerol yeast extract (GYE). I began my experiment by collecting and labeling two petri dishes, I then added molten GYE to the label portions of my plates and let it solidify. After I added molten water agar into the halves of the petri dishes, again letting it solidify. I then put two pieces of filter paper on the plates creating a bridge for the bacteria to move throughout, I then inoculated the organism on each strip of paper at opposite points from each other, creating a diagonal cross.
Avian species, particularly those in the African and Asian regions, have developed a wide array of breeding techniques that have been driven by one factor, successful inheritance of their genes. Two particular forms of breeding, cooperative and brood parasitism, have been observed to closely overlap, implying correlation. Cooperative breeding, where several non-paternal individuals assist with care are frequently targeted by brood parasites, who trick these species into caring for their young as well. This study serves to investigate whether the evolutionary basis of these two forms of breeding are a coincidence secondary to similar environments or the site of an evolutionary arms race between these two conflicting breeding styles that is driven by brood parasitism.
Case 2
Across the country, millions of students spend countless hours studying for what seems like endless assignments and exams. Some of these students decide to turn to ADHD drugs such as Adderall and Vyvanse. These drugs are schedule II substances which are available by prescription only. They enhance focus and can be used to stay awake by raising levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Studies have shown that full time college students are twice as likely as students who did not go to college full time to take Adderall without a prescription. These studies have also shown that abuse of these ADHD drugs is much more common at more elite colleges. A second study found that about 30% of college students have used these stimulants non-medically, mostly for help studying (Yanes).
Case 2
Across the country, millions of students spend countless hours studying for what seems like endless assignments and exams. Some of these students decide to turn to ADHD drugs such as Adderall and Vyvanse. These drugs are schedule II substances which are available by prescription only. They enhance focus and can be used to stay awake by raising levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Studies have shown that full time college students are twice as likely as students who did not go to college full time to take Adderall without a prescription. These studies have also shown that abuse of these ADHD drugs is much more common at more elite colleges. A second study found that about 30% of college students have used these stimulants non-medically, mostly for help studying (Yanes).
If proteins are able to enter the filtrate through the basement membrane, they will slow the total rate of glomerular filtration. This filtration rate is largely governed by Starling forces, and the equation for this is GFR = Kf [(Pc-Pb)-(Πc)]. In this equation (Πc) represents the “Glomerular Capillary Oncotic Pressure”. Under normal condition, this value would be set to zero as no proteins would be able to permeate the membrane and enter the capillaries. With glomerulonephritis, proteins can permeate the membrane. In the equation this value is subtracted from other values, meaning any positive non-zero rate would have a slowing effect on Glomerular filtration.
Propanoic acid (0.98 mL, 13 mmol), 3-methyl butanol (1.2 mL, 11 mmol), boiling chips, and concentrated sulfuric acid (four drops) were added to a round-bottomed (rb) flask. The mixture was refluxed for 45 minutes, while water was removed from the reaction via condensation collection in the side arm. The product was washed with water (1 mL). The solution was then backwashed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate (1 mL) and aqueous sodium chloride (1 mL). The product (1.24 g, 8.6 mmol, 78%) that had an apple-like odor was dried with CaCl2 pellets, and then tested using infrared spectroscopy.
Isopentyl propionate, an ester, was synthesized using the method Fischer esterification, with the reagents 3-methyl butanol and propanoic acid. Using 11 mmol of alcohol and 11 mmol of acid would theoretically yield 11 mmol of ester. The carboxylic acid, propanoic acid, was used in slight excess (13 mmol) to ensure it reacts completely with the present alcohol. The water formed in the reaction was removed from the solution using a distillation tube to ensure the reagents reacted completely. Removing water would pull the reaction towards the products based on Le Chatelier’s principle. Any remaining water was removed via backwashing and a drying agent, CaCl2. This procedure left a product expected to be isopentyl propionate, which was obtained in a 78% yield. This could be due to inaccurate draining of the bottom layers from the tube. Draining of the water back into the reaction could also account for the unreacted carboxylic acid stretch from 3535.52 cm-1 to 3124.68 cm-1 found in the IR results (attached at the end of this report). The other impurities in the solution are not thought to be either of the reagents, acid or alcohol, due to the IR results. The IR results are indicative of a C-H alkyl stretch at 2958.80 cm-1. There is a C=O ester stretch at 1739.79 cm-1. The third prominent peak, at approximately 1188.15 cm-1, indicates there is a C-O stretch. The isopentyl propionate had an odor characteristic of apple or pear when experimentally wafted.
Trimyristin was extracted from nutmeg via separation and purification procedures using heat and tert-butyl methyl ether. 0.309 grams of crude trimyristin was produced, which resulted in a 31.99% yield. 0.124 grams of trimyristin crystals were produced after recrystallization, which resulted in a 40.13% yield.The melting point of the crude product turned out to be 53-54 ˚C. A second recrystallization was performed and had produced 0.037 grams, which resulted in a 29.84% yield. The melting point obtained for the second recrystallization was 55-56 ˚C (Table 1). Both of the recrystallization melting points obtained were within two degrees, indicating relative purity. However, in both cases, the observed melting points was lower than the expected trimyristin melting point of 56-57 ˚C. This slight difference in the melting point suggests that there might have been a slight contamination during the experiment. The melting point of the second recrystallization was closer to the expected value, suggesting that the product had less impurities than the first recrystallization product. These results suggest that the obtained product is trimyristin.
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