Drafts

Persepolis is a graphic novel about a little girl growing up in a time of conflict for Iran. Despite the cartoonish appearence and art style, inocent people are imprisoned and executed just for speaking their mind. In an effort to spare the little girl suffering, her parents send her to grow up in vienna where she was simultaneously saved and alieneted. As she gets older she learns about how Iranians are viewed, romantic relationships, and her own idealistic beliefs.

1. Organization is key. The poster needs to look like it was it was put together in order and easy for people to read.

2. Having big easy to read titles. It should be very apparent to the reader what will be on the poster just by looking at the title and different section titles of the poster.

3. There should be a limit to the number of figures used. There shouldn't be more figures than there are sections in the poster. One or two figures is enough and possibly an additional picture or two of what you are studying to help readers get an idea of what the study was about.

4. The text should be clear, concise, and brief if possible. The text with all of the information in it should be brief so that readers don't spend too long just reading small text. The poster needs to get its points across in as few words as possible while still fully explaining the subject/project.

5. Using color can help readers find different portions of the poster. You can highlight different sections to help readers jump around to the different parts. The colors used shouldn't be too bright or abrasive. They should be kept pretty neutral.

6. Any figures or pictures should have a heading or description of what it is showing. Figures should also include some form of a key if applicable so that they may be easier to understand.

7. There needs to be a balance of the spaced used between text boxes and figures/ images. You don't want the figures to take up the majority of the poster, also you don't want a poster that is mostly text because that may deter people from reading it. 

8. Make sure that the font is big enough for people to read from a distance. You don't want people to be less than a foot away to have to read your poster.

Case 2

               Across the country, millions of students spend countless hours studying for what seems like endless assignments and exams. Some of these students decide to turn to ADHD drugs such as Adderall and Vyvanse. These drugs are schedule II substances which are available by prescription only. They enhance focus and can be used to stay awake by raising levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Studies have shown that full time college students are twice as likely as students who did not go to college full time to take Adderall without a prescription. These studies have also shown that abuse of these ADHD drugs is much more common at more elite colleges. A second study found that about 30% of college students have used these stimulants non-medically, mostly for help studying (Yanes).

If proteins are able to enter the filtrate through the basement membrane, they will slow the total rate of glomerular filtration. This filtration rate is largely governed by Starling forces, and the equation for this is GFR = Kf [(Pc-Pb)-(Πc)]. In this equation (Πc) represents the “Glomerular Capillary Oncotic Pressure”. Under normal condition, this value would be set to zero as no proteins would be able to permeate the membrane and enter the capillaries. With glomerulonephritis, proteins can permeate the membrane. In the equation this value is subtracted from other values, meaning any positive non-zero rate would have a slowing effect on Glomerular filtration.

Propanoic acid (0.98 mL, 13 mmol), 3-methyl butanol (1.2 mL, 11 mmol), boiling chips, and concentrated sulfuric acid (four drops) were added to a round-bottomed (rb) flask.  The mixture was refluxed for 45 minutes, while water was removed from the reaction via condensation collection in the side arm.  The product was washed with water (1 mL).  The solution was then backwashed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate (1 mL) and aqueous sodium chloride (1 mL).  The product (1.24 g, 8.6 mmol, 78%) that had an apple-like odor was dried with CaCl₂ pellets, and then tested using infrared spectroscopy.

The percent yield could be increased by changing the ether used in the reaction. Although trimyristin and tert-butyl methyl ether have similar polarities, tert-butyl methyl ether has a higher boiling point than many other ethers. By substituting the tert-butyl methyl ether with another ether with a similar polarity to trimyristin and a lower boiling point, the heating process will be more efficient and there will be less contamination.

In addition, myristic acid was obtained from trimyristin via hydrolysis. 0.034 grams of myristic acid was produced, which resulted in a 60.7 % yield. The melting point obtained was 51-53 ˚C, which is slightly lower than the expected 54.4 ˚C, suggesting that contamination occurred. Although, the 2 ˚C range indicates relative purity, these results indicate that the product is most likely myristic acid.

To a clean round-bottom flask, trimyristin (0.056 grams), 6M NaOH (2 mL), 95% ethanol (2 mL), and a few boiling chips were added. After reflux for 45 minutes, the flask was cooled to room temperature. The solution was then poured into a 50 mL beaker that contained 8 mL of distilled water. Concentrated HCl (2 mL) was added dropwise to the beaker while stirring. The beaker was then cooled in an ice water bath with stirring for 10 minutes. The crystals were obtained via suction filtration and was rinsed with small portions of ice water three times.

A micro-scale filtration was performed in a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask and the solution was filtered until all of the liquid has been transferred. Fresh tert-butyl methyl ether (2 mL) was used to rinse the flask. The solution was then obtained by using a gentle air stream to dry and yield the crude product.

    The first recrystallization was performed using acetone (6.18 mL) and the solution was warmed until all the solids had dissolved.  The solution was then cooled at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then was placed in an ice bath for an additional 15 minutes. After cooling in the ice bath, the crystals were obtained via suction filtration.

To a microscale round-bottomed flask, was added ground nutmeg (0.966 grams), tert-butyl methyl ethyl (3 mL), and a few boiling chips. Next, a black plastic connector was used to connect the distillation column to the flask. The flask was attached to a ring stand using a three-pronged clamp and was lowered into a small depression in the sand so it hovered above the sand bath. The mixture was heated gently for approximately 10 minutes.