Bioimaging 477H Lab Report Results Section 1

Submitted by oringham on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 20:20

Images of LLC-Pk1 pig kidney epithelial cells were taken under three different fluorescence filters in order to capture cellular structures stained with different fluorophores in the same region (Figure 1). These images were then superimposed on one another to create a comprehensive display of three cellular elements; dsDNA stained with DAPI (blue), tubulin stained with fluorescein (green), and f-actin stained with rhodamine (red). DAPI and fluorescein fluorophores showed visible fluorescence intensity and were captured in the image. The rhodamine stained f-actin did not appear in the composite image. Reasons for this disappearance is detailed in the Discussion.

Methods

Submitted by mglater on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 19:41

Creating the Figure

    Four individual images were composited together in Inkscape to form the final figure. Each image was given a small letter in the upper left corner of the image, from A-D. The coordinates and dimensions of each image are located in the table below.

 

Mineral nutrion

Submitted by michaelkim on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 19:30

Today for physiology biology 510, we went over chapter 5 which was mineral nutrion. Learned what the mineral nutrition was and what minerals were essential to most of the living plants. Found out that there were many different techniques to grow a plant. One of them that I found most interesting was aerotonics which is when the plants are hung upside down by the roots and it is sprayed continuously with mineral nutrient. I thought this was very interesting and also there's hydrotonics which is when plants grow underwater so soil is not necessarily needed. There were many vocabularies to learn for this chapter and honestly it is pretty interesting topic than the previous ones so I'm excited.

Sleep and Strength

Submitted by benjaminburk on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 19:26

It might be pretty common info that without sleep buildiung strength and muscle can be that much harder. A new study takes it a step further to explain the phenomenom and the specific explanations. Multiple exercises found that during resistance exercises strength was not sacrificed due to lack of sleep. But when there are multiple straight where sleep is restricted the maximum amount of force output is reduced during multi-joint exercises. But the force output for single joint exercises is not reduced. In the end researchers concluded that sleep is a vital part of building strength through exercise, specifically in multi-joint exercise programs. The researchers also included multiple strategies in order to prevent sleep loss, including no caffiene intake or trainging before long periods of being awake.

What is mycorrhizae?

Submitted by brettconnoll on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 16:36

Mycorrhizae is a fungus that is found in the roots of plants. The fungus is in a symbionic relationship with the plant which means that the plant and the fungus exchange resources with one another to better bnefit each other. Mycorrhizae is essential in some plants for life however there are many species of plants that do not need these fungi for help. Some species of plant that depend on mycorrhizae are prevelant intodays agricultre with an example being corn. Without mycorrhizae the plants of the world would not be as hardy and probably would not be as adapted as they are today.

Endomycorrhizae vs Ectomycorrhizae

Submitted by brettconnoll on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 16:21

In many species of plants, there is a symbiotic relationship happening in the roots with a species of fungus. The fungi are put into a diverse group called mycorrhizae which means "fungus root" or "root fungus". The mycorrhizae help the plant by increasing surface area to the roots allowing for more nutrient absorption and in some instances even protecting the root. The fungi benefit from working with the plant by being supplied sugar that the plant makes from photosynthesis. There are also species of mycorrhizae that are parasitic and are not helpful to the plant because they just take away all of the plant's resources. The diverse group of mycorrhizae is broken up into two larger groups based off of their morphology: endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae. Endomycorrhizae, also known as arbuscular mycorrhizae, forms along the outer surface of the root and exchanges nutrients with the plant by inserting itself inside the plant cells. The complex the mycorrhizae forms with the root cell is called an arbuscule. Ectomycorrhizae form on the external surface of the root and exchange nutrients through the cell walls of the root cells staying outside of the cells. The ectomycorrhizae forms a complex with the root cells called a Hartig net. Mycorrhizae are extremely important to the overall function of many species of plants it is a symbiotic relationship that not only helps run ecosystems but helps to power our agriculture.

Green Chemistry

Submitted by malberigi on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 12:54

Green chemistry is set of principals whose purpose is to guide and regulate the production and use of new chemical undertakings in all facets of human life.  These principals are as follows.  It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.  Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product with as little waste as possible.  Wherever practical, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.  Chemical products should be designed to affect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.  The use of auxiliary substances (solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.  Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized.  If possible synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.  These principals set the guidelines used by chemical companies all over the world to allow for safe and environmentally friendly use and production of chemical products

Article Analysis 4

Submitted by tedarling on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 11:38

These researchers studied the relationship between predation and reproduction in hermit
crabs. The researchers studied 100 hermit crabs placed in a water table and exposed to predator
odors. In the presence of these predatory odors, fewer mating pairs were established. This is
likely because mating would place the hermit crabs at a higher risk of predation. The experiment
is very relative to Endler’s because it once again portrays the risks and balances between mating
and predation.

Cavitation

Submitted by rmirley on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 00:30

Plants rely on transpiration to continuously move water up the xylem. This helps to facilitate water throughout the plant. The reason that this method is so effective at moving water up the plant is because it is a closed system that generates a great deal of pressure. However, sometimes the pressure becomes too high, causing some of the water in the xylem to vaporize and form a gas bubble. This can cause complications for the plant as it will interupt the flow of water through the xylem. The plant is able to solve this problem by taking solutes from the soil and using them to reduce the pressure in the xylem so the gas bubble will redissolve back into water. 

Leaf Anatomy

Submitted by rmirley on Mon, 02/12/2018 - 00:13

A plant leaf is composed of several layers. On the outside of the leaf, both top and bottom, there is a waxy layer called the cuticle. This layer helps to prevent water loss from the leaf so that the plant can have more control over its transpiration rates. The next layer is the epidermis, which is also on the top and bottom of the leaf. This layer serves primarily for protection of the internal structures of the leaf. The next layer from the top is the palisade layer. This layer is denesly packed and is primarily used for photosynthesis. The final layer from the top is the spongy mesophyll layer. This layer is thick, but loosely packed together. While it has some photosynthetic function, its primary purpose is to facilitate the gas exhanges within the leaf.  

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