Dissection of Floral Pollination Syndromes in Petunia PP

I skimmed a scientific paper from genetic.org titled "Dissection of Floral Pollination Syndromes in Petunia". This paper discusses animal-mediated pollination and how it is important for the reproductive ways of many flowering plants. Many of the pollination systems studied in the paper display complex traits and are convergent, meaning that they evolved separately but share many of the same structural features. This paper focuses on the genus Petunia and describes the complex syndromes for P. axillaris, the nocturnal hawkmoth, and P. integrifolia, dirunal bees. Differences in petal color, corolla shape, reproductive organ morphology, amount of nectar, and scent were studied. The pollination syndromes were split into phenotypic and genetic components during the study and several differences were spotted including cell-growth and cell-division patterns in the basal third of the petals, longer ventral stamens, nectar production and metabolism, and enzymatic differentiation in the phenylpropanoid pathway. P. hybrids was studied and one to five traits that could be measured quantitively were identified for a syndrome component. Stamen elongation and nectar volume had large allelic differences. All of this data can provide valuable information for understanding floral syndromes.