Drafts

Mycorrhizae is a fungus that is found in the roots of plants. The fungus is in a symbionic relationship with the plant which means that the plant and the fungus exchange resources with one another to better bnefit each other. Mycorrhizae is essential in some plants for life however there are many species of plants that do not need these fungi for help. Some species of plant that depend on mycorrhizae are prevelant intodays agricultre with an example being corn. Without mycorrhizae the plants of the world would not be as hardy and probably would not be as adapted as they are today.

These researchers studied the relationship between predation and reproduction in hermit
crabs. The researchers studied 100 hermit crabs placed in a water table and exposed to predator
odors. In the presence of these predatory odors, fewer mating pairs were established. This is
likely because mating would place the hermit crabs at a higher risk of predation. The experiment
is very relative to Endler’s because it once again portrays the risks and balances between mating
and predation.

Plants rely on transpiration to continuously move water up the xylem. This helps to facilitate water throughout the plant. The reason that this method is so effective at moving water up the plant is because it is a closed system that generates a great deal of pressure. However, sometimes the pressure becomes too high, causing some of the water in the xylem to vaporize and form a gas bubble. This can cause complications for the plant as it will interupt the flow of water through the xylem. The plant is able to solve this problem by taking solutes from the soil and using them to reduce the pressure in the xylem so the gas bubble will redissolve back into water. 

The plant was in the Durfee Conservatory across the street from University Health Services. The plant can be found by entering through the West entrance door and then going through the next door. Once inside the second room, the plant called “Blc Momilani ‘The Gypsy’” will be in the middle of the far left row. Facing the plant, a picture was taken so the entire plant would fill up the photo. Next a picture was taking of the flower part of the plant. The picture was taken of the right-most flower on the plant, close enough so the flower filled the picture. In order to get a sense of the size of the flower, a picture was taken with a UCard oriented upright held next to the flower.

Photobleaching in standard microscopy results when a fluorophore in its excited state covalently bonds with another molecule and renders it unable to absorb or emit light, thus darkening the overall image. The rate at which photobleaching occurs is a function of excitation intensity and time and can differ based on certain variables. This lab explores how different conditions of the microscope and fluorescent elements of the sample effect the rate of photobleaching.

The map was created via use of a website at “mapchart.net/world.html”. On this site, the countries China, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea were highlighted in red. The image was then saved and downloaded in a .png format, which could then be used in the figure.    

3. People’s Requirement to Help Others.

-        Thomson suggests that there are no laws which require people to help others, aside from abortion. She sates that men are not legally required to be even minimally decent Samaritans by law, but women are required to be good Samaritans by the law not allowing abortion. (63)

-        Thomson suggests that there is no foul in extricating oneself from helping others. In the violinist example, she states that there is no injustice in choosing not to help. She uses this and the Fonda example to suggest that there is no special responsibility to help others in these scenarios. (64-65)

-        Thus, men and women who have children bear a special responsibility to provide for their children. But this responsibility stems from parents assuming the responsibility. So, Thomson suggests that people do not bear any kind of responsibility in helping unless they have assumed such responsibility. If parents chose not to have an abortion, they assume responsibility for the child. (65-66)

-        Finally, a comparison between a 14-year-old rape victim and a woman who is 7 months pregnant is made. Thomson suggests that the women is unjust in having an abortion if her reason in doing so is to allow her to go on a trip abroad. However, because the 14-year-old did not consent or assume responsibility for the child, it is permissible to have an abortion. Thomson likens this to a woman wanting a fetus terminated vs. putting the child up for adaption stating that the unnecessary death is unjust. (66-67)

Water is a foundation of organic life, without it humans are unable to survive. Water is a required reactant for various metabolic reactions, so one would be safe to assume that it moves from cell to cell with ease. And this is true most of the time water simply diffuses across the a membrane via a process of simple diffussion , called osmosis. This process though the most well know form of water movement is not the only way water moves through cells. Other processes include bulk flow, which is the movement of water and solutes due to pressure potential. There is also the process of active transport, which normally occur when transporting over a membrane with very low permeability. Overall water moves throughout the body and from cell to cell in various ways and without these processes life as we know it would cesae to exist. 

These researchers investigated whether cricket calling-bout length was correlated with predator avoidance behavior. It is known that male crickets call to attract mates, however this behavior also poses as a significant predation risk. Calling lengths were measured using audio monitors over several days. Predator avoidance was measured by analyzing cricket behavior; Specifically, their likelihood to emerge when transferred from a safe shelter to a new potentially dangerous environment. The data show that calling-bout length and latencies to emerge were significantly and positively correlated. The males that called for longer, also took longer to leave their refuge. This experiment related to Elder’s because it also deals with the balance of sexual selection and natural selection. However, this experiment shows that crickets with longer calls have adapted to the increased predation risk by exhibiting more cautious behavior.

The plant was located by entering the Durfee Conservatory via the West entrance. The plant was the closest in the left row along the aisle. To photograph the whole plant, the photographer aimed his phone camera at the plant and stood by the entrance door. He then moved backwards towards the right of the building until the whole plant could fit in the picture. The specific flower picture was taken of the closest flower to the door along the aisle side of the plant. The phone was moved close to the flower in order to frame the flower in the image and the photo was taken. To provide a scale, another picture was taken with a “Dunkin Donuts” gift card held above the flower. The flower was shown to be roughly the same length as the card.