One can determine an ancestral or derived trait based on the outgroup. The outgroup has a character state of zero for all traits listed in the data. The traits that are given the zero state are the ancestral traits which are present in the outgroup and used to disguise the morphology of the different animals. In the case of non-retractable and retractable claws, non-retractable claws was given the state of zero therefore in the out-group and ancestral.
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Each week, post your own Perfect Paragraph and comment on three Perfect Paragraphs. Suggest improvements. Don't just say "Looks good."
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Comments
Add a bit more detail
This seems a little bit short for a paragraph. The information seems precise, however, an example of an outgroup would be useful in helping the reader visualize and relate to the topic. The last sentence seems to be an incomplete example, what animal doesn't have retractiable claws?
confusing
This can be a bit confusing for those who have no prior knowledge of phylogentic data, including myself who have some background, maybe giving more time to explain in greater detail to prevent confusion could be beneficial