To a 5 mL round-bottomed flask was added propanoic acid (0.975 mL), 1-propanol (0.82 mL), 4 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, and a few boiling chips. After being mixed thoroughly, the solution was brought to a gentle boil after the apparatus was set up to a 45˚ angle. After the solution was refluxed for 15 minutes, the apparatus was removed from the heat and was tipped back so about ½ to ¾ of the upper organic phase in the side arm returned back into the flask.
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