To a 10-mL round-bottomed flask (RBF), propanoic acid (0.823 mL), 1-propanol (0.973 mL) and concentrated sulfuric acid (4 drops) was added. Contents were thoroughly mixed and permitted to gently reflux for 15 minutes. Apparatus was then tipped while ensuring lower water layer remained in the side arm. Reflux was resumed for another 15 minutes. After having had allowed it to reflux for an additional 15 minutes, total of 45 minutes, the solution was permitted to cool. At this time, the solution was a light tan color. Entire contents in side arm were dumped back into RBF. After transferring contents into new tube, the solution was washed with water (1 mL), two times with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (1 mL), and then with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (1 mL).
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