This article discusses the effects of microbiomes on melanoma patients’ response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Early results and mouse trials show that gut microbiome modulates tumor response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. 112 melanoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy had their oral and gut microbiomes observed. There is a large difference between the variety and composition of microbiomes when comparing responders to non-responders. Specifically a large abundance of Ruminococcaceae bacteria was found in responding patients. Immune profilin of the patients showed enhanced responses and anti tumor immunity in patients that had favorable microbes present. These findings could prove to be very beneficial for the future treatment of melanoma.
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