When chromosomal mis-segregation does occur however, the effects can be detrimental. This includes DNA damage that can occur due to cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Mis-segregation also leads to increased p53 activity, which is a tumor suppressor protein that limits proliferation of cells. Aneuploidy can also lead to altered levels of gene expression due to a different amount of genetic material being present in the cell. One example of this is duplication of the APP gene, which encodes amyloid-B precursor protein being linked to early onset Alzheimer’s disease. Aneuploidy also leads to an increase in the transcription of proteins involved in stress response. In addition, aneuploidy can cause the misfolding of proteins, due to the overload that exceeds chaperone capacity. As we have discussed earlier, protein misfolding can lead to protein aggregation and a host of other issues.
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