Perfect Paragraph

Before starting the exploration for a spider web, I brainstormed some locations that spiders may be present on campus. Initially, I thought to look in the old academic buildings on campus, such as Bartlett, Herter, or the Morrill Science Buildings. It was easiest for me to search in the Morrill Science Buildings first due to my class schedule, specifically Morrill II. When looking for a spider web in Morrill II, I knew to look in areas that were undisturbed. This was because undisturbed areas, such as corners and closets, would give a spider the opportunity to build a web without any complications. I slowly examined each hallway, looking in corners and stairwells. Finally, on the third floor, in the hallway connecting the Morrill II building and the Morrill III building, I came across a concaved rectangle in the wall. The groove in the wall looked untouched for a decent amount of time. I approached the bottom left corner of the groove and found a small spider sitting in the middle of a faint web. I took several pictures of the spider and its web with the flash on. Some pictures were facing down toward the web and some were taken against the left wall to display the definition of the web. The flash seemed to scare the spider further back into the corner, therefore I tried not to take excess pictures. In addition, I took a picture of the hallway the wall indentation was located to orient my reader as to where I found the spider web.

Across all species, there are three categories in which a fetus develops in utero. While each are different on their own accord, they can all be traced back to the original embryonic egg called microlecithal development. To be classified as microlecithal the eggs must have very little yolk, divide uniformly (2,4,8,16, etc.), be of similar size, and go through a complete division before the next stage of development can begin. Organisms that practice this mode of development belong to the amphioxi and lampreys. Mesolectihal development arose next in amphibians like frogs and salamanders. This development is characterized by the formation of two poles in an egg, one being an animal pole and the other being a vegetal pole. The animal pole is the sight of active equatorial division whereas the vegetal pole seldomly divides. Amniotes gave rise to the third and final category of development. Macrolectihal development is categorized by a very large yolk sac on which the embryo develops. The top of the egg has a very small disc of rapidly dividing cells which gives rise to the embryo. Once the embryo forms, it envelops the yolk sac and draws nutrients from it so that it can later form surrounding materials and organelles for waste and gas exchange. This process is very similar to that of placental organisms. The only difference is that placental mammals secondarily derived a microlecithal process from the macrolecithal mode of development.  

Insulin plays a key role in facilitating the body's absorption of glucose. After eating a meal, glucose levels rise in the blood. These rising levels stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin, which binds to the extracellular domain on liver, muscle, and fat cell receptors. The insulin bound to the extracellular domain triggers the intracellular domain to phosphorylate itself, which in turn triggers a whole phosphorylation cascade including several different proteins. This cascade prompts glucose transport proteins originally in the cytoplasm to fuse into the cell membrane. Now that the transport proteins are on the membrane, they are accessible to the glucose on the outside that is flowing through the blood. Thus, the glucose is able to pass through the transport proteins and into the cell, where it can be utilized to provide energy by making ATP. 

Voltage, an electric potential per unit charge and current, electrical current carriers for the resistor, have a positive linear relationship. As voltage increases, current increases and there is a directly proportional relationship. Voltage is equal to the product of the current and the resistor constant. The parameters in the model are the slope and the intercept because the model is a straight line. The y-intercept is 0 because when the potential difference is zero, the current is also zero. The slope of the graph represents the resistance of the circuit. According to the LINEST function, the slope is 96.20658458 and the intercept is -0.01947332587.

The null hypothesis for this lab is that hair measurement between the caliper measurement and double slit measurement does not match. An alternative hypothesis is that the hair measurement between the two data collections do match. The better method to determine accurate hair thickness is to use the caliper, a tool used for measuring external and internal dimension. The accuracy given by the caliper measurement gives a significant number of 0.01mm this set of measurement is defined as a better method because it has a value with more significant figures the double slit method provided inaccuracy due to the location of the hair strand. Factors that contribute to the uncertainty of the hair’s position are the tilt of the projector’s screen and how the strand of hair is taped against the light projection. The tilt of the projector screen showed the uncertainty is 0.05 mm because the hair is taped against the light projection, the uncertainty was predicted to be less than 0.02 mm.

At 9:50 in the morning I entered Morrill 2 from the front of the building, the side facing the library. I went up one flight of stairs, walked to the back stairwell and left through the two sets of double doors that lead outside, I was now facing Frank dining hall. I turned to face Morrill and at 9:55 in the morning, I took a picture of the spider web in the bottom left corner of the glass pane that was next to the door. I squatted like a duck and held the back of my ucard vertically up to the web so that the Ucard logo was at the top of the card.  I held my ucard vertically so that the back was facing me and the Ucard logo was at the top. At this time there was a little spider about the size of the “A” in “UCARD”. In the image, the ucard is to the left of the spider web and the ucard was held up so it was touching the metal corner of the window frame. The black rubber edging of the glass is about centered in the picture. I then stood up and stood on the curb where the sidewalk ends that is directly across from the doors and took a picture of Morrill that shows the entire doorway and part of the building.

Analyzing the data from lab 2 the experiment requires the use of Planck constant in finding the pattern of the slope between electron energy and frequency of light from the LED emitter. The law of reflection and the reflected angle from the normal is equal to the angle of incidence from the normal. Because the 1:1 ratio is a constant based off θreflection=θincidence, the slope hypothesis is 1, and the intercept hypothesis 0. The graph compared the recorded Reflection (°) vs Incidence (°), the slope is 0.9485714286 and the intercept is 3.8. The pattern between the refracted angle and the angle of incident is directly proportional. As the angle of incidence increases, refraction increases as well. A 1:1 ratio is not demonstrated because the angle of incidence and angle of reflection presents a higher slope. The graph looks linear but is not linear because of the small angle approximation. The small angle approximation, sinθ is approximate θ if θ is small. In the smaller angle region, the linear portion between sinθ and θ is not linear.

In biome 2 the temperature pattern is quite unique when held alongside the biomes of Earth. The average annual temperature sits around 3 degrees Celsius which when compared to biomes present on Earth is somewhat close in nature to temperate deciduous forests (average annual temperature usually around 7.6 degrees Celsius), yet this biome is still on average colder. The overall pattern while it does follow that of the other temperate biomes (forest and grassland) in directionationality and cold winters, it does not reach the same heights. Precipitation follows a consistent pattern similar to the deciduous forest, however the levels of precipitation are on par with that of a rainforest, having almost double the amount of total annual precipitation when compared to a deciduous forest. These two factors of precipitation and temperature would most likely lend themselves to a highly unique environment that would have seasonal changes and at points freezing temperatures with massive amounts of moisture.

This biome would most likely be similar in nature to deciduous forest with hits of rainforest characteristics, precipitation wise. Winters would be cold and wet while summers would be average temperature wise but even more intense precipitation wise. Large trees life would likely be supported due to the very consistent temperature and massive amounts of precipitation, precipitation by itself would lend itself to a large amount of biodiversity with regulated temperatures mitigating this as a factor slightly. The latitudinal region would be difficult to ascertain based on the strange characteristics of the environment but most likely it would be found at 30 degrees to 50 degrees.

Protein structure and folding plays a large role in protein function. There are four levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary. All proteins have primary structure, which is the sequence of amino acids. The amino acids of a protein are kept together with covalent, peptide bonds. After primary structure comes the secondary structure, which are structures amino acid sequences organize into. Secondary structure involves alpha helices and beta sheets. The alpha helix is similar to the structure of DNA while beta sheets that look like flat sheets. The bonds that are prominent in secondary structure are hydrogen bonds between the backbone atoms of the protein. The overall folding of a single polypeptide chain is call its tertiary structure. If there are more than one polypeptide chains coming together to function, it is referred to as quarternary structure. Not all proteins have quarternary structure, but all proteins have up to tertiary structure. Hydrogen bondng, Van der waals interactions, disulfide bonding, and ionic bonding occurs tertiarty and quarternary bonding. Understanding the levels of protein folding allows us to understand how these proteins function and interact with one another. 

Translocation is when there is a movement of chromosomes to a new place in the genome. What we know so far is that translocations can influence the phenotype in many ways. They can rearrange the way genes were supposed to be located at another place affecting their position and expression. Their genes will break apart and the functions delayed. One example is when there is translocation Down Syndrome that there is rearranged chromosome material in the trisomy 21. But unfortunately, one of the 21 chromosomes are connected to the other chromosome rather than being detached.  It is the extra copy that creates health problems with Down Syndrome.