The process of genetically modifying a crop entails four main steps. First, it is essential to identify the desired trait. A popular example of a desired trait is tolerance to the Roundup herbicide, which resulted in the creation of ‘Roundup Ready.’ Next, the desired trait will have its DNA isolated. A comparative analysis is generally conducted to identify this trait’s genetics. If it is easily identified, then scientists can simply remove parts of the genome that are responsible for expressing this specific trait. The next step entails inserting this desired genetic trait into a new genome. This can occur in two ways. Currently, a popular method is utilizing a ‘gene gun’ to insert DNA-coated metal particles into plant tissue. The other method is to use bacteria to enter the seeds and alter the plants’ DNA by inserting its own DNA. The final step is to simply grow the GMO. Allowing it to grow will ensure that it can reproduce the same plant with these new traits (Powell).
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