This article aims to search for macroevolutionary consequences from the predation of crinoids. It is hypothesized that sea urchins preyed on crinoids, leading to evolutionary change. The scientists observed Mesozoic skeletons of crinoids in search of bite marks from echinoids. These bite marks would show up as trace fossils remaining on the skeletons long after death. Their results showed that as the Mesozoic period gradually progressed, the occurrence of bite marks on crinoids increased. Additionally, there were more bites present on sessile crinoids than motile crinoids. Their data showcased a strong positive correlation between increasing sea urchin diversity and the frequency of bite marks. Scientists hypothesize a potential arms race between predation pressure and defenses displayed in prey. As predation increases, prey are left to develop stronger defenses for survival. So, it is plausible that crinoids increased defenses involving their motile abilities.
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