Gene Editing Background

The debate about genome editing arises as the ethical issues are being exposed towards humans. Genome editing is a form of genetic engineering where DNA can be altered by insertion, deletion, or replacement to modify a targeting gene. One of the most common methods utilized for this desired effect is a CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid (Petherick 2015). This method is achieved by inserting the Cas9 and the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) to the target site on the genome, where Cas9 cuts the current DNA so crRNA can begin to create DNA in the target site. The created DNA leads to alterations in the genome, including insertions, deletions, and homologous recombinations (Zhao et al. 2014). This new tool has led researchers to believe that gene editing could potentially solve health problems linked to genes. Moreover, advancements in gene sequencing allow geneticists to accurately indicate which genes are causing gene-related health issues. However, insufficient studies prove that the mechanics of gene editing are safe and effective. Additionally, countries are banning research on gene editing for not only safety and ethical reasons, but because of potential gene edits that would be passed down to future generations. Regulations are currently being implemented for studies, and guidelines for human use regarding safety.