Probability is the chance of an event occuring. In genetics, probability plays a significant role during crosses to predict outcomes. In class, students looked at an example where a female gray cat mates with a gray male cat. The black coat color is dominant over the gray coat color in the cross. The parents produce a gray female kitten in a litter of six kittens, what is the probability that there are three blacks kittens and three gray kittens? We know that the mother is black and she must be heterozygous because they produce a kitten that is gray. In order to find the probability of three black kittens and three gray kittens, we have to use the binomial expansion for n=6 and then the equation 20p3q3. Once all the values are plugged into the equation, the chi-square will calculate the goodness of fit. The null hypothesis can then be accepted or rejected based on the probability outcome.
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