Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium describes the stability of genotype frequencies in a population that is not evolving. In order for this to occur, the population's genes cannot undergo any mutations, only random-mating, no gene flow (migrations), an infinite population, and no natural selection. Likewise, if there is any fitness in a genotype, HW equilibrium will not be observed. If a population is in HW equilibrium, certain genotype frequencies may be expected. The following equation is used to define the state of genotypes of two alleles: p2+2qp+q2=1. If a genotype frequency is found, its allele frequencies may also be calculated. If the expected allele frequencies (calculated from the equation) match that of the observed frequencies, then the population is in HW equilibrium.
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