The Warburg Effect is a metabolic shift in which even in aerobic conditions, cancer cells use anaerobic respiration, thereby spending a lot more energy due to inefficiency of this pathway compared to oxidative phosphorylation. Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 is a chemical derived from the ginseng plant. It has been shown to inhibit the Warburg Effect in ovarian cancer via two mechanisms. The first mechanism was shown by Li et al. in 2014. Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 was shown to block STAT3. STAT3 normally upregulates expression of hexokinase 2, but now that no longer happens. This shift inhibits the Warburg effect. The second mechanism was shown by Zhou et al. in 2018. They showed that Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 was a suppressor of miR-532-3p and lessened levels of DNMT3A. These two things inhibit the Warburg Effect.
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