Redox reactions are chemical reactions in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed. These reactions involve both reduction and oxidation processes. Oxidation processes lose electrons with the use of a reducing agent. Reduction processess gain electrons with the use of an oxidizing agent. For every oxidation reaction there must be a reduction reaction as no free electrons remain in a cell. This energy transfer and the use of these electrons is determined by a reduction potential, meaning the reactions affinity for electrons or how likely it will be reduced. This energy transwer occurs between molecules with lower affinity to higher affinity, allowing for the release of energy resulting in the reaction being favorable. Spontaneous redox reactions have a positive E value and these redox reactions are essential for coupling between biochemical pathways.
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