What the author means by hologenomic approach is that they are not only taking into acount the genome of the vampire bites but they are also looking into the microbiome to compare it to other types of bats. The word sanguivory means that the bats feed on blood which comes with some challenges. The challenges that they face consist of a lack of nutrition. There is not a lot of nutritious value in having a diet of blood. Also a diet of just blood means that the bats are then exposed to blood bourne viruses that can make them fall ill. However the microbiome of vampire bats is different then that of an insectivorous bat, carnivorous bat, or frugivourous bat. The vampire bat has a stomach filled with certain enzymes that allow it to break down its blood and get nutrients which then contributes to the fitness of the bat itself.
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