Most species of birds evolved in isolation called allopatry under certain conditions. Isolated islands of habitats on continents set a similar stage for speciation of bird populations that they occupy. Sister populations that were separated and isolated geographically space diverge from each other. Divergence can either be slow or rapid. Conspicuous patterns of geographical variations are the result of divergence and it can also be random which follow adaptation to different habitats and can results from sexual selection.
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