Drafts

When people hear that all dogs are going to die except for one mother and her litter of one species, there is a gut-wrenching sadness felt by millions. Dogs have evolved with mankind to be what they are today, whether they be guides, hunters or companions. When it comes to life and death situations it is easy to rash decisions based on former experience with a certain breed, but when it comes to life and death and the good of humanity, there needs to be a more evaluation. Therefore, the Labrador Retriever must be saved, for it is not only one of the most beloved breeds for families, it is also the most versatile.

 Everyone knows that a lab makes for a good pet, they are gentle giants and great for families. Clearly one of the factors that goes into choosing a breed to survive is their affability towards people and families because this is what people have come to expect from dogs. They are lovable and friendly, with beautiful coats and a matching temperament. They are loyal and dependable and easy to trains. All of these are great qualities that would be desired of the last dog breed on earth.

Beyond that, Labradors are also capable of serving humans in other ways. They are capable of being service and guide dogs, for the disabled and blind, bomb dogs, for detecting threats, and search dogs for helping track and find missing people. People have developed a world where we depend on our four-legged friends to provide services beyond stalwart companion. In a world without many of the diverse breeds that serve in these roles, we must choose one that shows versatility. Labs show this versatility and it is their patience and devotedness that allows them to excel in these roles. They are a superior breed and it is the duty of those chosen to inoculate a given mother to forgo any lesser picks rooted in passion and choose the breed that will be the best for the entirety of the human race.

Due to a new retrovirus that is killing domestic dogs at rapid speeds, only one vaccine can be made to save one breed. Dogs are often referred to as “man’s best friend” and a breed that represents this should be saved. The Labrador Retriever, one of the most popular and beloved dog breeds, makes the most sense to save for many reasons.

Unfortunately, we must choose only one dog breed to save before all dog breeds go extinct for good. All dogs are special and can have a nice companionship with their owners, but Labrador Retrievers are some of the best well-rounded dogs in the world. They are beautiful, not hard to please, and easy to train.

The Labrador Retriever does well in a variety of environments and  is known for being an overall good dog. They have a loyal, loveable, and happy personality that any family would be happy to have in their home. They make for good companions and are happiest when they are with you. It is not difficult to please Labrador Retrievers and it is easy to form a meaningful bond with this beautiful breed.

Due to the new retrovirus that is killing domesticated dogs and only one vaccine being available, a decision has to be made on which dog breed to try to save. Dogs have earned the nickname “man’s best friend” because they are often loyal, and become a part of the family. All different breeds of dogs have shaped the lives of many Americans. Unfortunately, not all breeds can be saved, so it it important to look at which breed should be saved by thinking credibly, logically, and compassionately. Looking at these categories it becomes clear that the vaccine should be given to a pregnant Labrador Retriever. 

• Why does a multipolar neuron have lots of dendrites but only one axon?

• Multipolar neurons are the most common shape for neurons in your brain--what advantages do multipolar neurons have over unipolar or bipolar neurons?  Are there any disadvantages?

• How many synaptic connections does a single neuron usually make?  Take a guess, or do some outside research to answer this one!

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    The primary function of a neuron is to both transmit information and to process it.  The multipolar neuron is shaped so that it has many dendrites and only one axon. This allows for an efficient processing and integration of information from multiple presynaptic neurons.  These neurons have only one axon because it takes a lot of energy to send information to postsynaptic neurons. Many dendrites allow for multiple presynaptic axons to deliver information to one post synaptic neuron.  The unipolar neurons only have one process, a single axon from the cell body. They are only good seen as sensory neurons. Bipolar neurons have an axon and a dendrite and are also sensory neurons. Multipolar neurons are superior as they can collect more information and be used for both motor or association neurons, allowing for muscle movement or communication among the CNS.  There are no really big advantages and disadvantages as they both perform unique tasks that are needed. Each average neuron is connected to about 10,000 synaptic connections.

This paper dealt with spider web production in terms of web mass and temperatures affect on it. They used 20 female spiders and randomly assigned them to one of their 4 temperature groups. They kept them at the temperature for six days. Fruit flies were dropped into the web with an apparatus. They created a gradient of temperatures by putting two aluminum pans on a hot plate. The pans were positioned in such a way that the entire pan wouldn’t get hot. The different temperature regions were indicated by marking on the pan, not barriers that the spider could not cross. They found that web mass was much lighter in the colder conditions.

The vaccine should be given to a Labrador retriever because the American Kennel Club which is a highly respected organization says that the Labrador Retriever is the number one most popular dog breed. Labs are the number one owned dogs by Americans. If the majority of dog owners in America own Labrador Retrievers, then it is clear that they are great dogs and deserve to be the breed that is saved. 

Saving the Labrador Retriever is the most logical decision. The Labrador retriever is the breed with the largest litters. By saving a pregnant lab mother, there is a better probability of getting a large number of young. With a greater number of young there is a larger chance of getting both male and female puppies. In addition, when the next generation is then born they will also likely have large litters leading to expanding the population more rapidly. 

Reserve 1 contains decently sized subpopulations that are connected through smaller columns. The subpopulations are rectangular and stacked on top of each other. The columns that connect each subpopulation allow the ferrets to interact between each section. When making this reserve, I wanted to combine the advantages of subpopulations and large reserve size. The subpopulations allow lost alleles to decrease the negative effects on the total population. The large subpopulation size and the columns connecting the subpopulations allow for more interactions between ferrets, resulting in more heterozygosity. The more heterozygosity in the population, the risk of genetic drift and lost alleles is decreased.

The idea of intelligence is something that has directed our lives ever since a young age. Children are constantly being tested or judged for their intelligence throughout schooling. The idea of intelligence can be seen through personality, verbal skills, and problem solving skills. Some people who are very intelligent struggle socially, and some people use their intelligence in aspects of social competence. What is intelligence? Intelligence is seen as an individual’s ability to understand complex ideas, learn from experience and adapt to circumstances. The G factors, or general factor, is a theory that dictates that a there is a primary intelligence factor that underlies all specific mental abilities. However, this theory was refuted by Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. This theory states that intelligences can be independent of one another; some individuals can be very competent in one area of education and incompetent in another. Robert Sternberg also argued that intelligence cannot be based on one factor. He believed that intelligence falls into 3 categories; analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. Practical intelligence, also thought of as ‘street smarts’ is one of the most important aspects of intelligence. Emotional intelligence, which goes hand-in-hand with practical intelligence, is the type of intelligence that makes an individual good at understanding the emotional side of life. 

Taxonomic classification is a nested heirarchy of categories for classifying organisms. It begins with the species that is named by binomial nomenclature, including the genus and particular species name. For example,, panthera pardus is a leopard. The next group is slighlty more broad and is just panthera. Panthera includes big cats that have the ability to roar. Next is the family, in this example, felidae. Members of this family have retractable claws. The next classification is order, in this case carnivora. These members have carnassial teeth. Class is the next step which is mammalia. It then goes phylum (chordata), kingdom (animalia), and domain (eukarya). This is the basics of taxonomy. It is similar to a pyramid in the sense that it narrows as it goes down the categories. So species is very specific and with each step headed towards domain, the categories get broader and broader and include more and more organisms. 

In this class we will be determining the evolutionary history of behaviors by mapping behaviors on already existing phylogenies. The behaviors will not be used to create the phylogeny, instead we will be mapping the bahaviors on already existing phylogenies. Behaviors on a phylogeny do not  necessarily mean that they will get more complex with evolution, in some cases behaviors or characteristics can be lost within a phylogeny.