Part A:
p^2 +2pq + q^2= 1 hardy weinberg equilibrium equation
p=S q=N S= dominant allele spots N=recessive allele no spots 107 spotted/752 total fish
103 heterozygous SN 4 homozygous dominant SS 752-107=645 homozygous recessive NN
To get number of alleles: N=2*645+103=1,393 N allele
S=2*4+103=111 S allele
Total alleles=2*752=1,504
Hardy weinberg done with percentages so: S=111/1504=0.0738=p
N=1,393/1504=0.9262=q
p=0.0738 q=0.9262 Lets see if it equals 1
0.0738^2 + 2(0.0738*0.9262) + 0.9262^2=
0.00545 + 0.1367 + 0.85785 = 1
Yes this population is in hardy weinberg equilibrium
Part B:
Imagine you and a competitor are given the basic blueprints to a condominium complex and asked to put small tweaks (furniture, wall type, counter placement, etc.) on each individual condominium and the best blueprint design for each condo will be chosen and used. So basically the allele is represented by the different blueprints for each condo because it shows the small differences in the same blueprint. The dominant and recessive aspect is represented by the two competitors both submitting a minorly tweaked blueprint ( allele) and having the best one (dominant) chosen. The instructions for individual rooms and things like furniture are the genes that are coded for in a chromosome. The locus is represented by the individual rooms in the house aka fixed positions of genes in the blueprint(chromosome) The upstairs bathroom would be a locus for the gene for the upstairs bathroom.
Part C:
Suppose there was a small island in which a large group of turtles lived. Some of these turtles had pointed mouths while others did not depending on the food they ate. One year there were many rough storms killing off an unusual amount of pointed nose turtles and when the scientist went back to the island they observed a drastic decline in the pointed nose turtle. This is known as the bottleneck effect and represents genetic drift. Another example would be if the rough storms made the island split into a large one and a small one and the small one only contained pointed turtles. If you came back 15 years later there would be a much higher number of pointed alleles on the small island than flat mouthed turtles. This is called the founders effect. The genetic drift is caused by random not by natural selection.
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