Beagles are a popular breed of sweet, intelligent and gentle dogs, who will guide you in your home life and outside. They will accompany your children and your family for a very long time, due to having better health than most other dog breeds. Due to their close genetic relation with other dog breeds (Harriers, Southern Hounds, etc.), in time, we can hope to retrieve some of our closest friends with scientific advance.
Alongside its many logical advantages, we have a rich history with beagles. Their friendship with man can be traced back as far as Ancient Greece, when hounds of similar size and shape were used to help hunters. Both King Edward II and King Henry VII had packs of glove beagles and Queen Elizabeth I was very fond of her pocket beagle. After the modern breed was developed by Revered Honeywood in England, The National Beagle Club of America was formed in 1888. Beagles were ranked #1 among American Kennel Club’s registered breeds between 1953 and 1959, and they made a reappearance as #5 (out of 155 registered breeds) in 2005 and 2006 (American Kennel Club). In recent times, Snoopy from the popular children’s series and comic strip, Peanuts, has made beagles a favorite household name all over the world.
Man’s best friend is now under attack from nature. But in this terrible time, we must react both logically and emotionally, and save at least one dog breed rather than let all of them perish. And, if we can only save one breed of domestic dog from this terrible new retrovirus, it must be a pregnant beagle and her babies.
The beagle will accompany and support you in both your home life and the outside world. It is a very intelligent and even-tempered breed of dog. With a gentle disposition and friendly nature, it is neither timid nor aggressive. It will easily be your child’s favorite playmate and your family’s favorite pet. But, it will still retain its natural properties as a scent hound: its superior tracking instinct and sense of smell. So, you can take it hunting or observe it at airports helping law enforcement for detection of illegal items. The beagle is also in excellent shape, with an inherited lack of health problems and good longevity.
Methods
Have one spider each in a tupperware container, (sample size of 3= 3 spiders in 3 tupperware containers). They would be fed at the same time, 6 PM, every day for 7 days- 3 flies put into their web each day. Observe feeding speed, spider movement, web activity/building, etc. daily.
Have one spider each in a tupperware container (sample size of 3). They would be fed at the same time, 6 PM, every day regularly for 4 days. Then they would be starved for 3 days, and presented with 3 flies on the 7th day’s 6 PM. Observe feeding speed, spider movement, web activity/building, etc daily.
Have one spider each in a tupperware container (sample size of 3). They would be starved (kept inside the container and not given any food) for 6 days. They would be presented with 3 flies on the 7th day’s 6 PM. Observe feeding speed, spider movement, web activity/building, etc. daily.
Cellar spiders can survive without food for four to eight weeks, since they don’t use too much energy. We don’t expect to see significant behavioral change (feeding habits, aggression) between the 0-d and 3-d starved spiders. But, we expect to see significant difference in behavior for the 0-d/3-d and 7-d spiders, where the 7-d spiders will feed faster or act more aggressively.
There were ten total differences observed between the original (Fig. 1) and the replicated figure (Fig. 2). Some of these differences were in the pictures and others were in the organization of the panels.
The open-street map of the replicate figure did not include Life Sciences Laboratory as a landmark and included the Integrative Learning Center, unlike the original Panel A. The identifying labels (street names, building names, water bodies, etc. ) of the replicate openstreet map appeared larger, and the map overall appeared more saturated in color. The close-up of the spider web did not contain an water bottle for scale and included more of the helpline box than in the original figure. The second picture of the spider web showed less of its environment/settings(excluded much of brick wall) than the original picture. The pictures taken on-site appeared more saturated in color in the replicate figure.
Although the corresponding labels of the different panels (A, B, and C) were bolded in both, the letters were of a much bigger size and of a different font type in the replicate figure (Fig.2). The labels were also lesser distance away from the borders than in the original figure.
Figure 1. The original multi-panel figure of a spider-web, constructed by Marzia Maliha. Panel A consists of an open-street map showing the location of the spider web, Integrated Sciences Building, relative to its surrounding landmarks. The landmarks include buildings like Life Sciences Laboratories and nearby greeneries. Panel B shows a close-up of the spider web with a water bottle for scale. Panel C illustrates an overview of the surroundings of the spider web, a ‘No Smoking’ sign and a yellow Helpline box on the ISB brick wall.
Figure 2. The replicated multi-panel figure of the spider-web, constructed by Sophia Brownstein. Panel A consists of an open-street map showing the location of the spider web , Integrated Sciences Building, relative to its surrounding landmarks. The landmarks include buildings like Integrative Learning Center and nearby water bodies. Panel B shows a close-up of the spider web. Panel C shows the immediate surroundings of the spider web, including a ‘No Smoking’ sign and a yellow Helpline box.
The purpose of the Methods Project was to identify variables which produce the differences between the two resultant figures. To that end, five variables were identified which can be discussed in the ‘methods’ section to avoid common replication errors: camera angle, distance between camera and subject, weather conditions, and scale and bounds of the map.
Weather Conditions
The replicated on-site pictures appear more saturated in color than the original ones. While this may result from different camera type and saturation settings, a more likely explanation is differing weather conditions. The original pictures of the spider web were taken before rain, and brick walls appeared dry in both the ‘close-up’ and the ‘overview’ shots (Fig 1B,1C). In the replicated pictures, brick walls appear redder and more saturated due to being wet from the rain (Fig 2B,2C).
There were available instructions to recreate some of the differences but not all (for example: it was stated what were the bounds of the open street map and to whence it furthered). But it could have been clarified saying that the very last bound included __ and excluded __. The font sizes were specifically dictated in the methods, and so were the distance from them from the borders. The zoomed-in picture was said to contain a specific type and make of water bottle. The instructions regarding the overview picture of the spider web could have been improved. I may have underestimated my distance from the spider web (I was perhaps more than 3 feet away) and I should have specified that the pictures were taken from a diagonal angle. The saturation in the on-site pictures might have resulted from a different weather condition: the picture looks as though it was taken after rain and wet brick walls tend to look redder than dry ones. The saturation in the open-street map resulted from zooming in too much. To facilitate better navigation of the open-street map, I should have specified the bounds further.
There were several differences observed between the original (Fig. 1) and the replicated figure (Fig. 2). The open-street map of the replicate figure did not include Life Sciences Laboratory as a landmark, whereas it did contain Integrated Learning Center. The identifying labels (street names, building names, water bodies, etc. ) of the replicate openstreet map were easier to visualize because of bigger letters, and the map overall appeared more saturated in color. The zoomed-in picture of the spider web did not contain an water bottle for scale and included more of the helpline box than in the original figure. The zoomed-out picture of the spider web showed less of its environment/settings (excluded much of brick wall) than the original picture. The pictures taken on-site appeared more saturated in color in the replicate figure. Although the corresponding labels of different panels of the figures (A, B, and C) appeared to be of the same font type and bolded , the letters were of a much bigger size in the replicate figure and also were lesser distance away from the borders.
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