Writing in Biology - Section 1

Observations:

• Lighting

  • Lighting is whiter and brighter in the right hand (RH) figure

  • Lighting is yellower and darker in the left hand (LH) figure

• Background

  • Wooden surface and white wall as background in RH figure

  • Yellow-white surface as background in LH figure

• Ruler type

  • Stainless steel ruler in RH figure

  • Blue plastic ruler in LH figure

• Natural differences

  • Egg colour and texture

  • Apple colour 

  • Pinecone staining and size

• Perspective

  • More of a frontal perspective in RH figure images relative to LH figure images

  • More of a top-down angle in LH figure images relative to RH figure images

• Labels

  • RH figure labels are smaller and don’t have parentheses

  • LH figure labels are larger and have parentheses. 

  • RH figure labels are aligned to top left corners of each image

  • LH figure labels are not aligned but vaguely placed in top left corners of each image

• Size

  • Lower right hand corner image in RH figure is squished relative to other images in the figure.

  • Lower right hand corner image in LH figure is not as squished as analog in RH figure but is on a smaller scale than the rest of the images in the figure. 

Inferences:

• Picture inferences

  • Different objects were probably used as the subjects between the RH and LH figure, accounting for the differences in their respective appearances. 

  • A different camera angle accounts for the difference in perspective. The RH figure camera was likely placed more frontal to the objects than in the LH figure. The LH figure camera was likely placed more above the objects than in the RH figure.

  • A different light accounts for the difference in lighting between each figure. 

  • Different rulers likely account for the differences in ruler appearance between each figure. 

  • Different rooms likely account for the differences in background. Rooms are made differently and this could account for the cream background in the LH figure versus the wood surface and white wall background in the RH figure.

• Layout inferences

  • The methods likely didn’t specify how the labels were made which plausibly explains why the labels are different between the RH and LH figure. Alternatively, the methods weren’t followed leading to different labels. 

  • A different picture orientation could account for the widthwise squishing observed between panel C in the LH figure relative to the RH figure. 

The lighting is whiter and brighter in the right hand (RH) figure images relative to the left hand (LH) figure images. The lighting in the LH figure images is yellower and dimmer. The lighting in the pictures of both figures shines downwards on the pictures’ subjects. The background in the RH figure is a wooden surface and a white wall whereas the background in the LH figure is a cream coloured surface. A stainless steel ruler is used for scale in the RH figure but a blue, plastic ruler is used for scale in the LH figure. There are some natural differences between the two figures. Between each figure, the egg colour and texture differ, the pinecone staining differs, and the apple colour differs slightly. The pictures in the RH figure had a more frontal perspective relative to the LH figure. Relative to the RH figure the LH figure pictures were taken from a more top-down perspective. The labels of the RH figure are smaller than the LH figure labels and lack the parentheses found in the LH figure labels. Additionally, the RH figure labels appear to be aligned in the top left corner of each image whereas the LH figure labels have been vaguely placed in the top left corner of each image. The lower right hand corner image in the RH figure is squished widthwise relative to the other images in the figure. The lower right hand corner image in the LH figure is not squished as the analog in the RH figure but is nonetheless on a smaller scale than the rest of the images in the LH figure. 

One of the major catergory of difference that makes the photos look different or simmilar is what is in the picture. In the example given for example, the things that the most different is the weather one of the picture is clearly taken at a sunny day and the other is taken at a cloudy windy day. Another thing that is noticable is that one of the picture has people in it and the other does not. Another thing that is diffferent and would cuase the photos to be quite different is perspective. The place where the picture was taken is slightly different and the angle that it is taken from, again is slightly different. Becaus of thsese slight differences, it can be seen that one of the picture includes the library, others don't. In one picture the tree is closer compared to the other photograph.Another catergory of difference is how  the picture is organized. One of the figure has large borders, and the other does not. One has  large clear lettering and the other does not. One have black arrows and the other have blue arrow that is relatively hard to see against the blue background. The last catergory of difference is much less noticable, is the quality of the picture. some of the puicutres are more grainier than the other.

The inference for the first type is that the picture was taken by different people at different time, the secound type is due to the fact that the agle that the camera is being held is different. the third catergory is due to difference in how the picture are formatted and the forth type is due to the fact that they used a differnet camera.

1. Introductory sentence on the Figure type

   1. Type of figure

      1. Similarities in the figure

         1. Types of photos

            1. Map

               1. There is a map on the bottom of both

            2. Replication

               1. There are two of the same pictures in the figures

            3. Labels

               1. The photos all have the same labels based on where they are located in the figure

            4. Grouping

               1. Both figures grouped the images into groups of three, including a picture of the tree, the flower and a map

            5. Sizing

               1. The pictures within the figures are all sized in the same pattern

      2. Difference

         1. Sizing

            1. The pictures on the right are slightly smaller

            2. The map on the left side is closer up then the one on the right

         2. Map

            1. The maps have different locations highlighted correlation to a different region

         3. Picture angles

            1. The angles of the flower in the pictures is different

   2. Concluding sentence on the figures

One of the major catergory of difference that makes the photos look different or simmilar is what is in the picture. In the example given for example, the things that the most different is the weather one of the picture is clearly taken at a sunny day and the other is taken at a cloudy windy day. Another thing that is noticable is that one of the picture has people in it and the other does not. Another thing that is diffferent and would cuase the photos to be quite different is perspective. The place where the picture was taken is slightly different and the angle that it is taken from, again is slightly different. Becaus of thsese slight differences, it can be seen that one of the picture includes the library, others don't. In one picture the tree is closer compared to the other photograph.Another catergory of difference is how  the picture is organized. One of the figure has large borders, and the other does not. One has  large clear lettering and the other does not. One have black arrows and the other have blue arrow that is relatively hard to see against the blue background. The last catergory of difference is much less noticable, is the quality of the picture. some of the puicutres are more grainier than the other.

The inference for the first type is that the picture was taken by different people at different time, the secound type is due to the fact that the agle that the camera is being held is different. the third catergory is due to difference in how the picture are formatted and the forth type is due to the fact that they used a differnet camera.

Observation

The first difference between the two figures on page 25 includes the difference in length of the stamen, assuming that the picture on the left was the picture that was taken first. The second difference is that the maps in both images do not highlight the same areas. Unlike the leftmost map, almost all of Cuba is not highlighted on the rightmost map. The third difference is that the pictures of the pink leaf do not have the same rotation. The fourth difference that can be seen is that the picture on the right has labeled their photos with letters, while the one on the left has not. The fifth difference is that the photo on the left is more spaced out, while the photo on the right has their pictures less spaced out and evenly spaced in the horizontal and vertical direction.

Inferences

The first difference could be due to the amount of time that was given for the stamen to grow (time between the photos taken). One doubt I have is that the stamen length may be the same, but the angles of the leaf deceive the actual length of the stamen in the leftmost photo. The differences with the image formatting (differences 3, 4, and 5) could be due to inexperience with graphics software (e.g., Inkspace) or laziness. The difference in picture rotation could be due to style preferences, or because the figure was too large to fit.

Figure 2 contains two sets of three images. There are a few minor differeences between the two figures. Image A differs in the distance the photo was taken, the boundaries of the image, and size of the image. Image B differs in the size of the image, the boundaries of the image, and the zoom of the image. Image C differs in the boundaries of the image, the zoom of the image. Images B and C on the right include the arrows from google maps, while images B and C on the left do not. The figure differs overall in the labels used, and the sizing of the images to fit the figure. The figure on the left uses red capitalized letters to label the different imges, the figure on the right uses lowercase black letters with a white box underneath to label the images. Figure A on the left is shorter compared to figure A on the right; figure B and C on the left are taller than figures B and C on the right.

These differentces are most likely caused by the methods section. The methods most likely did not describe how far from the tree the photos were taken, or the boundaries seen in the images. The methods also most likely did not include the sizing of the images used in the figure. Figure A on the right is brighter than figure a on the left, which could be cuased by taking the picutres at a different time of day.

Types of differences:

- Way of photography: quality, lighting, view of plant (angle), colors

OBSERVATION: Panel A's background it brighter on the left than on the right.

INFERENCE: Panel A on the right had greater exposure

- Look of plant: differences in angle, number of leaves, length, size in picture

OBSERVATION: Panel D on the left had more water in the plant pot than Panel D on the right

INFERENCE: The plants had been watered prior to the picture on the left but not on the right.

- Style of arrows/lettering: where are arrows, what size, colors, orientation

OBSERVATION: Panel A on the left had one arrow but Panel A on the right had two arrows

INFERENCE: They did not put two arrows on the left panel

- Organization of photo placement: Are the panels the same size, same order, same distances between, same grouping

OBSERVATION: The panel B in the first photo is to the edge of the page but panel B in the second photo has room between the picture and the edge of the page.

INFERENCE: They were placed differently on the page.

Center of Flowers:

• The center of the flowers in the figures differ. In the original (a) the center of the flower is bigger than the non-original (a).
• In the original figure (b) the center of the flower is more conal shaped and larger than that of the non-original (b).
• In the original figure (c), the center is larger and pointing to the right corner of the photo. The non-original figure (c) has a smaller, more pointed center pointing to the top left corner of the photo.
• Figure (d) in the original is only two flower centers without petals but the non-original figure (d) has several flower heads with cones and petals.

Photo Clarity:

• The original set of photos has better clarity than the second set.

The Ruler

• In both sets of photos, the ruler is the same and only present in the figure (b). In the original, the ruler is coming from the bottom right corner of the phot and about 2 inches of the ruler is shown extending into the center of the photo. In the non-original photo, the ruler comes from the middle of the bottom of the photo and still shows about 2 inches but it reaches all the way to the right side of the photo.
• The mom-original photo figure (b) also seems to have a more close up angle of the ruler.

Petals

• The petals in the original photos differ from the non-original photos. In the originals, the petals in some of the photos are pointed downward whereas the non-original photos have petals that are more radial and ray-like making a circle out of the flower head rather than a cone shape.

This is an outline to organize how differences between these two pictures for #5 be written in paragraph.

Overarching differences throughout

- weather

- camera quality

- labels are different

-arrows are different lengths and widths

Differences in panel a

- locations are different. Different buildings / objects / background

-there are additional plants in view in the first figure

-the first figure is a little bit more zoomed in

Differences in panel b

-less surrounding leaves in the first figure than the second

-the leaves in the first figure are yellow while in the second they are green

Differences in panel c

-background is different; bush and concrete behind figure 1. Grass and bush is absent in figure 2

-figure 1 arrow is pointing to a white spot on the bark

-figure 2 arrow is not pointing to a white spot on the bark

Figure Format

• Descriptions inside frame of figure vs. hanging outside
• Border between pics vs. no border
• Aligned images vs. not aligned
• A, B and C labels consistently placed vs. not
• Good arrow color contrast vs. blending of arrow into image

Image Quality

• Consistent lighting vs. sun spots
• No glare vs. glare
• Contrasting zoom and frames between images vs. similarity among images within one figure

Camera angle

• Panel A: One individual leaf vs. bundle
• Panel B: Camera pointed at trunk vs. pointed more upward
• Panel C: Smaller frame of trunk vs. including surrounding ground and separate trees