The marker for biofilm growth is the signal that involves biofilm. If i ran gel and there no upper band that shows that there was either no positive charge or the primers dont work. The beta (B ) signifies blank or negative . For chronic fatigue story, if they run the electrophoresis gel, you put everything except DNA. If you see a band then something is contaminated.
Molecular cloning Isolation and incorporation of a piece of RNA into a vector it can be replicated and manipulated. To introduce recombinant vector into a host, you must find the right vector. To glue the backbone together, you need to use ligase to glue the two ends of the vector with the backbone.Each individual colony in the back is alive - cloned- different human dna fragments Hybridization adds a single strand probe and it corresponds to the human insulin gene. You proceed by washing them in soap and expose them to x-ray film. They now have human insulin gene. I then take them into expressions systems, like a bio reactor. This can help patients who need insulin.
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