Steve Lima is an animal behaviorist who was interested in testing a specific form of groiup defense in birds called the many eyes effect. The many eyes effect is described as a strategy animals living in groups use to escape predators. This is the assumption that animals watch their surroundings and are paying attention to the actions of others in the group.
In Lima's experiment, he wanted to scare a single bird and observe if other birds in his study reacted to the response of fear from the bird he tested on. To do this, he used a long tube with a ball at the end of it and pointed it at the single bird, rolling the ball down the tube to create a scenario where the bird would lock eyes on a ball rolling at a fast speed towards it. The bird fled, frightened, but the other birds did not move. This suggested that in this scenario, the many eyes effect was not taking place.
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