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Handrigan, G. R. (2003). Concordia discors: duality in the origin of the vertebrate tail. Journal of Anatomy, 202(3), 255–267. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00163.x 

• Tail formation stemming from ventral ectodermal ridge (VER) activity is not like that of AER. VER does not employ FGF signaling, and is therefore an entirely different system. Presents the idea that tails form similar to that of a limb bud (secondary development) as well as the view of gastrulation