If the world was going to lose all of its domestic dogs except for one breed I would choose the closest decendant to the wolf. There is no concrete answer on the closest single breed but the general consensus from the internet would be a breed from the Spitz Dog family which originated in the Arctic Circle and were known to have bred directly with some types of wolves. You would want a close descendant from the wolf because that is originally how all domesticated dogs were even created. So by starting at the top of the genetic chain again you would eventually be able to create every domesticated dog breed over again. On the flip side if you started with a dog that was already a lot closer to the bottom of the genetic pool you wouldn't get as much of a variation of breeds that the world has now. Picking any of the Spitz breeds would be a good choice to carry on the domestication of dogs but to pick one specifically I would go with the Akita Inu from the Spitz family. They are a medium sized dog that can be extremely loyal and protective as well as being able to assist hunting trips for survival. The Akita Inu is a top choice because they are a strong dog with minimal genetic problems that could cause issue in restarting the dog population.
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