ifernandez's blog

Introduction

1. Leafminer Liriomyza trifolii is a damaging pest
   
   1. Low damage crops helped by insecticide for leafminer control (Cox et al. 1995)
   2. Overuse of insecticides cause resistance in L. trifolli. (Leibee 1981, Parrella and Keil 1984)
   3. Cyromazine and abamectin both successful for leafminer control (Trigard)
   4. One case of L. trifolli being resistant to Cyromazine in 1990 Florida (G. L. Leibee and J.S.F., unpublished data)
   5. Unstable resistance and no cross resistance of cyromazine and abamectin
   6. 1991 survey said cyromazine resistance only affects celery in one location (G. L. Leibee and J.S.F., unpublished data)
   7. No published reports of abamectin and cyromazine resistance on leafminers
2. Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association gathers scientists, commercial growers, and the agricultural chemical industry to try to make a leafminer resistance program
   
   1.  

The first topic that is mentioned is a smallchecklist of things to do/understand before beginning to write a manuscript. Some of these things include, Ethics in Publishing, Human Rights, Animal Rights, Copyright, etc. Will finish out of time in class 

 https://www.amjmedsci.org/content/authorinfo

Orientation was a lot slower than I thought it'd be. I spent most of it with my friend, Erin, who also came from BCC. It started out okay even though I had to wait for Erin because not only was she running late but she also didn't know where we had to go, yet somehow we managed to get her checked in on time. The talks were not really that interesting because I'd already heard most of it before but what was slightly cool was that the officer from UMPD was giving out laundry bags fro people who had questions at the end. Unfortunately, I couldn't think of a good questions to ask until an hour after it was over so I didn't get one. The next part was the tour which was more tedious than informative because everytime we stopped, we were in the open so they pretty much gave the sun permission to cook us alive throughout the tour. The only redeeming part of the tour was that they said something along the lines of somewhere in the tenth floor of the library, we could go for help for finding interships or something along those lines. We ate food afterwards in the Franklin Dinning Commons, and I've actually only ever eaten in the Berkshire Dinning Commons so that was pretty good. Finally (after 35 minutes after it started because the bio group was so big it got split into two sections), it was time for the moment that I was waiting for the most, signing up for classes. They had a small sticky note with the classes they believed we should take and mine had Genetics, Physics II, and Calculus for Life Sicences. I looked at it and thought okay that's not bad and started attempting to sign up with the help of an advisor. This is where most of my hopes were flushed down the drain. First we started with Genetics since it was at the top of the list, the advisor taught me how to look for a class and enroll so we got that out of the way prettty easy. Next we tried enrolling me into the Genetics lab, but when we tried enrolling me it gave us an error saying that it was full (luckily everyone got this error so it was overriden). That marked the first of my torubles when signing up for classes. After that we tried Calculus and this was also full, but the funny thing is that now literally a day later all the sections have at least 3 open spaces. Instead, I ended up taking res econ which is a stats class. We then tried getting me into Physics II, and when we looked it up there was only one section and it was open, however, it was during the same days and in the exact same time slot as Genetics so I was given a choice on which one I wanted to take and I ended up choosing Genetics. Since I couldn't get into 2 of the 3 classes they recommended I tried to get some of my bio electives out of the way. With my luck though, all the classes I had an eye on for sounding interesting like, Histology, Physiology, Cellular and Molecular biology, etc. were either full or deemed too high level. I had to settle for either Ecology or a class on Evolution and I chose Evolution. Finally because I didn't want to only have 12 credits despite that still being full-time, I decided to take Intro to Italian Culture. That sums up my Umass Orientation Day

This is how I made a multi-panel figure about leafminers. I found my specimen at the Franklin Permaculture Garden in the corner of the garden. I found my specimen specifically in a bush with long leaves at the corner of the garden. 

 I used my phone to take a couple pictures, the first one being the main plant with the affected area being visible, and a second one where I had a close up shot of the affected leaf with an object held right next to it for size comparison. I ended up taking six picture from which I only used two. I first tried the close up picture by holding my phone in one hand and using my other hand to lightly pull the leaf making sure the affected area was as visible as possible. I then tried taking a picture of the main plant but I only took one step back from the plant so the picture didn’t show much. I took another two steps back and took another picture which is the one I ended up using for the figure. A classmate was kind enough to lend me a mechanical pencil to use as the object for size comparison, so I took another close up photo where my hand held both the mechanical pencil and the leaf while making sure the pencil was close to the leaf and it was near the affected area.

I used the program Inkscape to make my multi-panel figure. I imported the first picture ( the main plant with the visible affected area) and locked it to keep the scale. I then shrank it down and aligned its top left corner to the left corner of what will eventually be the multi-figure panel. Next, I used a drawing tool to draw an arrow to point to the affected area, and I paint it yellow since it was hard to see if it was a black arrow. The next picture ( the close up shot on the leaf with an object for size comparison) followed a similar process but this time the top right corner of the picture will be aligned to the top right corner of the multi-panel figure. *Only do this if the two pictures are different sizes* Unfortunately, my two pictures where different sizes and to fix that I increased the overall size of the second picture until the height aligned itself with the height of the first one. However, this caused the second picture to overlap over the first one. In order to fix this I brought the first picture up a layer so that it would overlap the second picture instead. Finally, I used a website to download a picture of the area on campus where I found my subject and I imported it to Inkscape. I repeated what I did with the previous pictures and fit the map into the bottom of the multi-panel figure aligning the top edge of the map picture to the bottom edge of the two other pictures. As final touches, I used the same drawing tool as before to make an X to mark roughly where I found my specimen; I also added the letters A, B, and C to boxes which I placed at the top left corner of each picture in the added order.

Notes for METHODS:

• 1st I found my specimen that has leafminers on it

• I took a couple pictures with my phone, the first one being the main plant with the affected area being visible, and a second one where I had a close up shot on the affected leaf with an object held right next to the leaf for size comparison

• Created a folder on the desktop where I stored all documents regarding the project 

•  I used my phone to email the pictures I took to myself so I could download them to the computer

• I downloaded the pictures and moved them to the designated folder on my desktop

• I used Inkscape to make my multi-panel figure

•  Imported pictures from my phone to the computer by emailing the photos to myself on my phone and opening up the email on the computer and then downloading

• First I imported the picture of the main plant with the affected area being visible and locked it to keep the scale

• I then shrank it down and aligned its top left corner to the left corner of what will eventually be the multi-figure panel

• I then used a drawing tool to draw an arrow to point to the affected area, I painted the arrow yellow to make it visible and to make it stand out

• Next I imported the picture of the close up on the leaf with an object (mechanical pencil 15 cm) for size comparison

• Again I locked the scale and aligned the top right corner to the top right corner of the multi-panel figure page

• Since my two pictures where different sizes I matched the height of the second picture to the height of the first one. (Only do this if the two pictures have different scales when fit into the page)

• Making the second picture bigger caused it to overlap over the first one, to fix this I brought the first picture up a layer

• Finally, I used a website to download a picture of the area on campus where I found my subject and I imported it to Inkscape

• One more time, I locked the scale and fit it into the picture

I woke up and I picked up my glasses from my nightstand and put them on. I then picked up my phone and scrolled through my notifications and after that I disconnected my phone from its charger and started watching youtube videos. A little bit later, I got up stretched and walked over to my Playstation and turned it on with my controller as I picked up my headset. I turned on my tv and walked over to my computer chair. As I sat down and booted up NBA 2K19, I checked to see if any of my friends were online while the game loaded up. I loaded up MyTeam and checked to see if my KD sold. I quickly redeemed my 370,000 MyTeam points from selling my KD. I then threw my controller and headset on my bed and got up . I walked over to the kitchen while I greeted everyone in my house. I cut up some strawberries and a banana, then I scooped out about a cup of vanilla ice cream, and I took milk out of the fridge and poured out about ¾ cups. I then made a milkshake by blending all those ingredients together. 

Figure 1. Unconventional equipment. Lack of equipment forces physician to bring in wine glass from home. "Microbiome Rebirth Incubator / François-Joseph Lapointe (CA), Marianne Cloutier (CA)" flickr photo by Ars Electronica https://flickr.com/photos/arselectronica/43598742915 shared under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) license

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2721780/

As expected at this time of the year, the leaf is green on both sides. Despite it being flimsy and rather weak to the point where it felt like it could rip easily at first, the leaf now appears stronger and firmer after having its stem submerged in water for a certain period of time. The leaf has a greater length than width, the length being approximately 14.40 cm and the width being roughly 3.9-4.0 cm. The leaf’s shape sort of resembles the shape of a feather as it starts narrow towards the stem and widens out before narrowing down again towards the tip. However, the leaf’s edges are not smooth but instead they have tips. The right side of the leaf has 23 tips while the left side has 22 tips. The stem which can be seen on the bottom part of the leaf has small white hairs which feel a bit rougher compared to any other part of the leaf. On a side note, the top part of the leaf has a couple of interesting features. The first and most obvious one is a line that sort of resembles an outline that takes up two thirds of the leaf. On the left side the is a small cut in the leaf about 6.0 cm up from the stem and in the middle, there is a small dot which also might be a small hole about 0.6 cm from the leaf’s tip.

Not exactly sure what type of leaf it is. Its length is greater than its width.
The top side has a distinct white/yellow line that resembles some sort of outline,
however this white line outline does not appear on the bottom side of the leaf.
On a side note, the leaf's edge is not a smooth rounded one, but instead it's rather jagged.
From the stem the leaf begins to widen its shape until about two thumb lengths away,
and after that it beings to narrow until it reaches its full length at the tip of the
leaf a little over another thumb length away. In addition, the leaf is not very sturdy in structure,
instead it's flimsy and weak and feels like any applied force could rip it apart.
The measured length is 14.40 cm and the measured width is roughly 4.0 cm.
The stem which continues throughout the leaf has small white hairs on the bottom of the leaf.
There is a small cut on the left side of the leaf about 6.0 cm from the start of the stem.
There is also a small circle, which I believe is a tiny hole in the center of the leaf about 0.60 cm from the tip.
The right side of the leaf has 23 tips while the left side of the leaf only has 22 tips.
Also after letting the leaf's stem sit in water for a small period of time (almost 30 minutes?) the leaf is not as
flimsy as it was when received.