Separate grades will be awarded for lecture (Bio 580) and discussion (Bio 597C). Grades are the traditional A AB B BC C CD D F and will be averaged on a 4 point scale. The lecture grade will be comprised of the scores on four hourly exams. Two exams will be administered by Steve Kaulenas and one exam each by John Nambu and Joe Kunkel. The Discussion grade will be comprised of (1) Participation Credit (20%) given in proportion to the degree and quality of participation in the discussion sections. (2) Paper Credit (60%) based on a submitted library research paper. (3) Talk Credit (20%) based on the presentation of an 8 minute talk to the discussion group at the end of the semester.