Adams, M. S. & M. S. Bertoni. 1968. Continuous variation in related species of the genus Catocala (Noctuidae). J. Lepid. Soc. 22: 231-36.
Alcock, J. 1973. Cues used in searching for food by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Behavior 46: 174-88·
Alexander, R. D. & T. E. Moore· 1962. The Evolutionary Relationships of 17-year and 13-year Cicadas. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan. No. 121. 59 pp.
Allen, J. A. & B. Clarke. 1968. Evidence for apostatic selection by wild passerines. Nature, Lond. 220: 501-2.
Bailey, J. S. 1877. Catocalae taken at sugar at Center, N.Y. Canad. Entomol. 9: 215-18.
------. 1882. Femoral tufts or pencils of hair in certain Catocalae. Papilio 2:51-52.
Barnes, W. & J. McDunnough. 1918a. Life histories of North American species of the genus Catocala. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 38: 147-77.
------. 1918b. Illustrations of the North American Species of the Genus Catocala. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3 (1). 47 pp. 22 pl.
Bartsch, R. C. B. 1916. Two new forms of Catocalae. Lepidopterist 1: 3.
Bauer, J. 1965. A new Catocala from Florida (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Entomol. News 76: 197-98.
Beutenmüller, W. 1903. Notes on some species of Catocala. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 19: 505-10.
------. ·1918a. Notes on the larvae of Catocala and their habits. Lepidopterist 2:17-19.
------. 1918b. The food-plants of Catocala. Lepidopterist 2: 28-30.
------. 1918c. Notes on the eggs of Catocala. Lepidopterist 2: 33-34.
Birch, M. 1970. Pre-courtship use of abdominal brushes by the nocturnal moth, Philogophora meticulosa (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Anim. Behav. 18: 310-16.
Bishop, J. A. 1972. An experimental study of the cline of industrial melanism in Biston betularia (L.) (Lepidoptera) between urban Liverpool and rural North Wales. J. Anim. Ecol. 41: 209-43.
Bishop, J. A. & P. Harper. 1970. Melanism in the moth Gonodontis bidentara: a cline within the Merseyside conurbation. Heredity 25:449-56.
Blest, A.D. 1957. The evolution of eyespot patterns in the Lepidoptera. Behaviour 11: 209-56.
------. 1963. Longevity, palatability and natural selection in five species of New World saturniid moth. Nature, Lond. 197: 1183-86.
Bowles, G. J. 1885. Catocalae -- Underwing moths. 16th Ann. Rep. EntomoI. Soc. Ontario. pp. 55-60.
Brimley, C. S. 1938. The Insects of North Carolina· N. C. Dept. Agric., Raleigh. 560 pp.
Brower, A. E. 1922. Preparatory stages of Catocala ulalume Str., with larva of C. lacrymosa for comparison (Lepid., Noctuidae). Entomol. News 33: 234-36.
------. 1930a. An experiment in marking moths and finding them again (Lepid.: Noctuidae). Entomol. News 41: 10-15.
------. 1930b. Catocala junctura in the Ozark region. Bull. Brooklyn En-tomol. Soc. 25: 36-38.
------. 1936. Description of a new species and a new form of Catocala (Lep., Noctuidae). Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 31: 96-98.
------. 1947. Methods for collecting underwing moths (Catocala). Lepid. News 1: 19-20.
------. 1974. A List of the Lepidoptera of Maine -- Part 1. The Macrolepidoptera. Life Sci. & Agric. Expt. Sta., Univ. Maine, Orono. Tech. Bull. 66. 136 pp.
Brower, L. P. 1959. Speciation in butterflies of the Papilio glaucus group. II. Ecological relationships and interspecific sexual behavior· Evolution 13: 212-28.
------. 1971. Prey coloration and predator behavior· In Topics in the Study of Life: The BIO Source Book. Harper & Row, New York. pp. 360-70.
Bunker, R. 1874. Notes on collecting Catocalas. Canad. Entomol. 6: 25-26.
Byers, C. F. 1940. A study of dragonflies of the genus Progomphus (Gom-phoides). Proc. Florida Acad. Sci. 4: 19-86.
Carpenter, G. D. H. 1941. The relative frequency of beak-marks on butterflies of different edibility to birds. Proc. Zool. Soc. London A 111: 223-31.
Cassino, S. E. 1917a. New species [sic] of Catocala. Lepidopterist 1:61-64.
------. 1917b. A new form of Catocala ultronia. Lepidopterist 1: 79-80.
------. 1917c. A new variety of Catocala lacrymosa. Lepidopterist 1: 104.
------. 1918a. A new form of Catocala minuta. Lepidopterist 2: 28. --.
------. 1918b. A new form of Catocala sappho. Lepidopterist 2:46-47.
------. 1918c. A new form of Catocala blandula Hulst. Lepidopterist 2: 81.
Chance, M. R. A. & W. M. S. Russell· 1959. Protean displays: a form of allaesthetic behaviour. Proc. Zool. Soc. London A 132: 65-70.
Clark, H. L. 1888. Preparatory stages of Catocala relicta Walk. Canad. EntomoI. 20: 17-20.
Clarke, B. 1962. Balanced polymorphism and the diversity of sympatric species. Systematics Assoc. Publ. 4:47-70
---------· 1964. Frequency-dependent selection for the dominance of rare polymorphic genes. Evolution 18: 364-69.
Clausen, L. W. 1954. Insect Fact and Folklore· Macmillan, New York. 194 pp.
Clench, H. K. 1947. Brief biographies· 1. William Henry Edwards. Lepid. News 1: 8.
Cockayne, E. A., C. N. Hawkins, F. H. Lees, B. Whitehouse & H. B. Williams· 1937-38. Catocala fraxini, L.: a new British record of capture and breeding. Entomologist 70: 241-46, 265-72; 71: 13-17, 35-38, 54-59.
Collenette, C. L. & G. Talbot· 1928. Observations on the bionomics of the Lepidoptera of Matto Grosso, Brazil. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 76: 392-416.
Coppinger, R. P. 1969. The effect of experience and novelty on avian feeding behavior with reference to the evolution of warning coloration in butterflies. Part I: Reactions of wild-caught adult blue jays to novel insects. Behaviour 35:45-60
------- 1970. The effect of experience and novelty on avian feeding behavior with reference to the evolution of warning coloration in butterflies. II. Reactions of naive birds to novel insects. Amer. Nat. 104: 323-35.
Cott, H. B. 1940. Adaptive Coloration in Animals. Methuen, London. 508 pp.
Creed, E. R. 1966. Geographic variation in the two-spot ladybird in England and Wales. Heredity 21:57-72.
Cross, E. W. 1896. The imitative faculty of Catocala concumbens. Entomol. News 7: 274.
Croze, H. J. 1970. Searching image in carrion crows· Zeit. Tierpsychol. 5:1-85.
Dahm, K. H., D. Meyer, W. E. Finn, V. Reinhold & H. Roller· 1971. The olfactory and auditory mediated sex attraction in Achroia grisella (Fabr.). Naturwissenschaften 58: 265-66.
Dawkins, M. 2971. Perceptual changes in chicks: another look at the"search image" concept· Anim. Behav. 19: 566-74.
Dean, E. R. 1919a. The Catocala season of 1918 in St. Louis County,Missouri. Lepidoptera 3: 18-19.
------. 1919b. A freak Catocala palaeogama, var. phalanga. Lepidoptera 3:84·
Dethier, V. G. 1963. The Physiology of Insect Senses. Methuen, London.266 pp.
Dodge, E. A. 1919. Catocala notes. Lepidoptera 3: 54.
Dodge, G. M. 1900a. List of Catocalae taken at Louisiana, Missouri. Entomol. News 11: 433.
------. 1900b. Catocala Titania n. sp. Entomol. News 11:472.
Downes, J. A. 1973. Lepidoptera feeding at puddle-margins, dung, and carrion. J. Lepid. Soc. 27: 89-99.
Driver, P. M. & D. A. Humphries. 1970. Protean displays as conflict inducers. Nature, Lond. 226: 968-69.
Dury, C. 1876. List of Catocalae observed in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, 1876. Canad. Entomol. 8: 187-88.
Dyar, H. G. 1917. Nomenclature of Catocala varieties. Lepidopterist 1: 31-32.
Edwards, D. K. 1962. Laboratory determinations of the daily flight times of separate sexes of some moths in naturally changing light. Canad. J. Zool. 40:511-30.
Edwards, H. 1880a. Descriptions of some new species of Catocala. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 2: 93-97.
-------· 1880b. Notes upon the genus Catocala, with descriptions of new varieties and species. Bull· Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 3:53-62. Ehrmann, G. A. 1892. A local list of the genus Catocala. Entomol. News 3: 168-69.
-------· 1894. Addition to a local list of Catocala, and a note on Papilio cresphontes. Entomol. News 5: 212.
-------· 1918. Collecting Catocalae around the natural gas wells. Lepidoptera 2: 12.
Ely, C. R. 1908. Notes on C. dejecta Strecker, and other species of Catocala from East River, Connecticut· Entomol. News 19:47-50.
Essig, E. O. 1931. A History of Entomology. Macmillan, New York. lO29 pp.
Etkin, W. 1967. Social Behavior from Fish to Man. Univ. Chicago Press (Phoenix), Chicago. 205 pp.
Ferguson, D. C. 1954. The Lepidoptera of Nova Scotia. Part I. Macrolepidoptera. Proc. Nova Scotia Inst. Sci. 23:161-375.
Fischer, P. 1885. Description of two new varieties of Catocala cerogama, Guen., with note on a third. Canad. Entomol. 17: 133-34.
Forbes, W. T. M. 1954. Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States· III. Noctuidae. Cornell Univ. Agric. Expt. Sta., Mem. 329. 433 pp.
Ford, E. B. 1937. Problems of heredity in the Lepidoptera. Biol. Rev. 12: 461-503.
-------. 1940. Genetic research in the Lepidoptera. Ann. Eugen., London 10: 227-52.
-------. 1964. Transient polymorphism and industrial melanism. Chap. 14 in Ecological Genetics· Methuen, London.
-------.·1967. Moths. Second ed. Collins, London, 266 pp.
Foulks, O. D. 1893. Local list of Catocala. Entomol. News 4: 261-62.
Franclemont, J. G. 1938. Descriptions of new melanic forms (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Noctuidae and Arctiidae). Entomol. News 49: 108-14.
French, G. H. 1880. Notes on Catocala hunting· Canad. Entomol. 12: 241-42.
-------.· 1881a. Notes on Catocala sappho Strecker. Papilio 1: 57.
-------.· 1881b. Some new varieties of Catocalae. Papilio 1: 110-11.
-------.· 1881c. A new variety of Catocala. Papilio 1: 218-19.
-------.· 1882. Preparatory stages of Catocala cara, Guen. Papilio 2:167-69.
-------.· 1884a. Preparatory stages of Catocala ilia Cram. Canad. Entomol. 16:12-15.
-------.· 1884b. Preparatory stages of Catocala amatrix, Hubn. Papilio 4: 8-10.
-------. 1886. Catocala notes. Canad. Entomol. 18: 161-62.
-------. 1892. Partial preparatory stages of Catocala illecta, Walker, with notes· Canad. Entomol. 24: 307-8.
-------. 1894. Preparatory stages of Catocala retecta, Grote· Canad. Entomol. 26: 97-99.
-------. 1922. Catocala ulalume a distinct species (Lepid., Noctuidae). Entomol. News 33: 233-34.
Gibb, J. A. 1962. L. Tinbergen's hypothesis of the role of specific search images. Ibis 104: l06-11.
Grote, A. R. 1872a. On the North American species of Catocala. Trans. Amer. EntomoI. Soc. 4: 1-20.
-------.· 1872b. List of the North American species of Catocala. Canad. Entomol. 4: 164-67.
-------. 1873. On the genus Catocala. Canad. Entomol. 5: 161-64.
-------. 1876. On species of Catocala. Canad. Entomol. 8: 229-32.
-------. 1879. A new Catocala. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 1: 77.
-------. 1881a. Biographical sketch of M. Achille Guenee. Papilio 1:31-33.
-------. 1881b. New moths from Arizona, with remarks on Catocala and Heliothis. Papilio l: 153-68.
-------. 1882. Notes upon Catocala snowiana, and varieties in the genus. Papilio 2: 8-9.
-------. 1883. Catocala concumbens, ab. hilli. Papilio 3: 43-
Grote, A. R. & C. T. Robinson. 1866. Lepidopterological notes and descriptions. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Philadelphia 6: 1-30.
Hamilton, D. W. & L. F. Steiner. 1939. Light traps and codling moth control. ]· Econ. Entomol. 32: 867-72.
Harvey, L. F. 1877. On the black-wing group of the genus Catocala. Canad. EntomoI. 9: 192-94.
Hiser, O. F. & J. S. Hiser. 1918. Life history of Catocala nuptialis· Lepidopterist 2:66-69.
Holland, W. J. 1903. The Moth Book. Doubleday, New York, 479 pp. (Reprinted 1968, Dover, paperback, New York).
Hsiao, H. S. 1972. Attraction of Moths to Light and to Infrared Radiation. San Francisco Press, San Francisco. 89 pp.
Hulst, G. D. 1880. Remarks upon the genus Catocala, with a catalogue of species and accompanying notes. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 3: 2-13.
------.· 1881. Some remarks upon the Catocalae, in reply to Mr. A. R. Grote. Papilio l: 215-18.
------.· 1884. The genus Catocala. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 7: 14-56.
Humphries, D. A. & P.M. Driver. 1967. Erratic display as a device against predators. Science 156: 1767-68.
------. ·1970. Protean defence by prey animals. Oecologia 5: 285-302.
Hunter, M. W. III & A. C. Kamil. 1971. Object-discrimination learning set and hypothesis behavior in the northern bluejay (Cyanocitta cristata). Psychon. Sci. 22: 271-73.
Johnson, J. S. I880. Early appearance of Catocalas. Canad. Entomol. 12:137-38.
------. 1882. Catocalae taken in the vicinity of Frankford, Pennsylvania. Canad. Entomol. 14: 59-60.
------. 1891. Hunting Catocalae. Entomol. News 2:62-65.
Jones, F. M. 1932. Insect coloration and the relative acceptability of insects to birds. Trans Roy. Entomol. Soc. London 82: 443-53.
Keiper, R. R. 1968. Field studies of Catocala behavior. J. Res. Lepid. 7:113 -21.
Keller, G. J. 1920. Notes on the ovum and larva of Catocala Herodias, Strecker. Lepidopterist 3: 121-23.
Kellicott, D. S. 1881. The larvae of Catocala flebilis and Catocala amatrix. Papilio 1: 141-42.
Kellogg, C. G. & T. D. Sargent. 1972. Studies on the Catocala (Noctuidae) of southern New England. II. Comparison of collecting procedures. J. Lepid. Soc. 26: 35-49.
Kettlewell, H. B. D. 1955a. Recognition of appropriate backgrounds by the pale and black phases of Lepidoptera. Nature, Lond. 175: 943-44.
------. 1955b. Selection experiments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Heredity 9:323-42.
------. 1956. Further selection experiments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Heredity 10: 287-30l.
------. 1957. Industrial melanism in moths and its contribution to our knowledge of evolution. Proc. Roy. Instn., G. B. 36:1-14.
------. 1958. Industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera and its contribution to our knowledge of evolution. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Entomol. (1956) 2: 831-41.
------. 1973. The Evolution of Melanism. Clarendon, Oxford. 424 pp.
Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida. Gainesville· 363 pp.
Kirby, W. & W. Spence. 1815-26. An Introduction to Entomology. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green, London. 4 vols.
Klots, A. B. 1964. Notes on melanism in some Connecticut moths. J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 72: 142-44.
------. 1966. Melanism in Connecticut Panthea furcilia (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 74:95-100.
------. 1968a. Melanism in Connecticut Charadra deridens (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 76:58-59.
------. 1968b. Further notes on melanism in Connecticut Panthea furcilia (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 76:92-95.
Koebele, A. 1881. Description of and notes upon various larvae. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 4: 20-22·
Lees, D. R., E. R. Creed & J. G. Duckett. 1973.Atmospheric pollution and industrial melanism. Heredity 30: 227-32.
Lemmer, F. 1937. New Lepidoptera from the New Jersey pine barrens. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 32:22-25.
Linsley, E.G. & J. W. McSwain. 1958. The significance of floral constancy among bees of the genus Diadasia (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Evolution 12:219-23.
McDunnough, J. 1938. Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Mem. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. Vol. 1. 275 pp.
Mackintosh, N.J. 1965. Selective attention in animal discrimination learning. Psychol. Bull. 64: 124-50.
Marshall, G. A. K. & E. B. Poulton. 1902. Five years' observations and experiments (1896-190l) on the bionomics of South African insects, chiefly directed to the investigation of mimicry and warning colours. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London: 287-584. 15 pls.
Masters, J. H. 1972. A proposal for the uniform treatment of infrasubspecific variation by lepidopterists. J. Lepid. Soc. 26: 249-60.
Mather, K. 1955. Polymorphism as an outcome of disruptive selection. Evolution 9:52-61.
Mayfield, T. D. 1922. Notes on the life histories of North American Catocalae, with description of two new forms. Bull. Brooklyn En-tomol. Soc. 17: 114-20, 138-42.
------. 1923. A new form of Catocala gracilis Edwards. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 18: 33.
Mayr, E. 1963. Animal Species and Evolution· Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge. 797 pp.
Merrifield, F. 1890. Systematic temperature experiments on some Lepidoptera in all their stages· Trans. Entomol. Soc. London, 131-59.
------.· 1891. Conspicuous effects on the markings and colouring of Lepidoptera caused by exposure of the pupae to different temperature conditions. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London, 155-67.
Meyer, J. H. 1952. Ein neuer Catocala-hybrid. Zeit. Wiener Entomol. Gesell. 37:65-71.
Monk, J. H., L. J. Monk & H. S. Heikens. 1960. Further evidence for the role of "searching image" in the hunting behavior of titmice. Arch. Neerl. Zool. 23:448-65.
Muller, J. 1960. A new melanic form of Catocala connubialis from New Jersey (Noctuidae). J. Lepid. Soc. 14: 177-78.
------.· 1973. Second addition to the supplemental list of macrolepidoptera of New Jersey. J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 81: 66-71.
Murray, W. 1877. On capturing Catocalas in the day-time. Canad. Entomol. 9: 18-19.
Murton, R. K. 1971. The significance of a specific search image in the feeding behaviour of the wood pigeon. Behaviour 40: 10-42.
Nabokov, V. 1947. (Letter to C. L. Remington). Lepid. News 1: 34.
Newman, E. 1835. The Grammar of Entomology. Westley & Davis, London. 304 pp.
Norris, M. J. 1936. The feeding habits of the adult Lepidoptera Heteroneura. Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London 85: 61-90.
Oldroyd, H. 1958. Collecting, Preserving and Studying Insects. Hutchinson, London. 327 pp.
Owen, D. F. 1961. Industrial melanism in North American moths. Amer. Nat. 95: 227-33.
------. 1962. The evolution of melanism in six species of North American geometrid moths. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 55: 695-702.
Owen, D. F. & M. S. Adams. 1963. The evolution of melanism in a population of Catocala ilia (Noctuidae). J. Lepid. Soc. 17: 159-62.
Payne, J. A. & E. W. King. 1969. Lepidoptera associated with pig carrion. J. Lepid. Soc. 23: 191-95.
Peattie, D.C. 1935. An Almanac For Moderns. Putnam, New York, 396 pp.
------. 1938. Green Laurels: The Lives and Achievements of the Great Naturalists. Garden City Publ. Co., New York. 368 pp.
Pilate, G. R. 1882. A new variety of Catocala. Papilio 2: 31-32.
Platt, A. 1969. A lightweight collapsible bait trap for Lepidoptera. J. Lepid. Soc. 23: 97-101.
Poulton, E. B. 1887. The experimental proof of the protective value of colour and markings in insects in reference to their vertebrate enemies. Proc. Zool Soc. London, 191-274.
------.· 1890. The Colours of Animals. Appleton, New York, 360 pp.
------. 1913. Disabling and other injuries found in the Lepidoptera and their interpretation. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Lond. , xix-xxii.
Rabinowitch, V. 1968. The role of experience in the development of food preferences in gull chicks. Anita. Behav. 16: 425-28.
------.· 1969. The role of experience in the development and retention of seed preferences in zebra finches. Behaviour 33: 222-36.
Rau, P. & N. L. Rau. 1929. The sex attraction and rhythmic periodicity in giant saturniid moths· Trans· Acad. Sci. St. Louis 26: 83-221.
Reiff, W. 1916. Catocala amica Hb. subspecies novangliae Reiff. Lepidopterist 1:12-15.
------.· 1918a. The foodplants of the North American species of the genus Catocala. Lepidoptera -- Heterocera. Lepidoptera 2: 27-28.
------. 1918b. A new form of Catocala minuta. Lepidoptera 2:46.
------. I919. Catocala herodias Strecker. Lepidoptera 3: 73-74.
------. 1919-1920. Notes and additions to Barnes' and McDunnough's Illustrations of the N. A. Species of the Genus Catocala. Lepidoptera 3: 69-70, 75-76, 86-87, 92-94; 4: 12-13, 21-22, 39-40, 46-48, 54-56, 62-64.
Remington, C. L. 1954. The genetics of Colias (Lepidoptera). Adv. Genet. 6: 403-50.
------.· 1958. Genetics of populations of Lepidoptera. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Entomol. (1956) 2: 787-805·
Remington, J. E. 1948a. Brief biographies. 9. Henry Edwards (1830-1891). Lepid. News 2: 7.
· 1948b. Brief biographies. 10. Augustus Radcliffe Grote (1841-1903). Lepid. News 2:17.
Riddiford, L. M. & C. M. Williams. 1967a. Volatile principle from oak leaves: role in sex life of the polyphemus moth. Science 155: 589-90·
------. 1967b. Chemical signaling between polyphemus moths and between moths and host plant· Science 156: 541.
Robinson, H. S. 1952. On the behaviour of night-flying insects in the neighbourhood of a bright source of light· Proc. Roy. EntomoL Soc. London A 27: 13-21.
Robinson, H. S. & P. J. M. Robinson. 1950. Some notes on the observed behavior of Lepidoptera in the vicinity of light sources together with a description of a light-trap designed to take entomological samples. Entomol. Gaz. 1: 3-20.
Roeder, J. K. 1966. Auditory system of noctuid moths. Science 154:1515-21.
Rowley, R. R. 1908. Notes on Catocala. Entomol. News 19: 115-20.
------. 1909. Another season with Catocalae. Entomol. News 20: 127-35.
Rowley, R. R. & L. Berry. 1909. Notes on the study of some Iowa Catocalae. Entomol. News 20: 12-18.
------. 1910a. Further study of the Catocalae. Entomol. News 21: 104-16.
------. 1910b. Notes on the life stages of Catocalae; a summer's record and incidental mention of other lepidoptera. Entomol. News 21:441-55.
------. 1912. A dry year's yield of Catocalae (Lepid.) 1911. Entomol. News 23:207-14.
------. 1913. Last year's work with Catocalae and other Lepidoptera. Entomol. News 24: 197-205.
------. 1914- 1913 as a Catocala year (Lepid.). Entomol. News 25:157-67.
Royama, T. 1970. Factors governing the hunting behaviour and selection of food by the great tit. J. Anim. EcoI. 39: 619-68.
Ruiter, L. de. 1952· Some experiments on the camouflage of stick caterpillars. Behaviour 4: 222-32.
Saario, C. A., H. H. Shorey & L. K. Gaston. 1970. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. XIX. Effect of environmental and seasonal factors on captures of males of Trichoplusia ni in pheromone-baited traps. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 63: 667-72.
Sargent, T. D. 1966. Background selections of geometrid and noctuid moths. Science 154: 1674-75.
------.· 1968. Cryptic moths: effects on background selections of painting the circumocular scales. Science 159: 100-101.
------.· 1969a. Behavioral adaptations of cryptic moths. II. Experimental studies on bark-like species. J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 77: 75-79.
------. 1969b. Behavioral adaptations of cryptic moths. III. Resting attitudes of two bark-like species, Melanolophia canadaria and Catocala ultronia. Anim. Behav. 17: 670-72.
------. 1969c. A suggestion regarding hindwing diversity among moths of the genus Catocala (Noctuidae). J. Lepid. Soc. 23: 261-64.
------. 1969d. Background selections of the pale and melanic forms of the cryptic moth, Phigalia titea (Cramer). Nature, Lond. 222: 585-86.
------. 1971. Melanism in Phigalia titea (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Geomet-ridae). J. N.Y. Entornol. Soc. 79: 122-29.
------. 1972a. Studies on the Catocala (Noctuidae) of southern New England. III. Mating results with C. relicta Walker. ]. Lepid. Soc. 26: 94-104.
------. 1972b. Sketches of New England moths. 5- Polymorphisms. Man & Nature (September): 25.
------. 1973a. Behavioral adaptations of cryptic moths. VI. Further experimental studies on bark-like species. J. Lepid. Soc. 27: 8-12.
------. 1973b. Studies on the Catocala (Noctuidae) of southern New England. IV. A preliminary analysis of beak-damaged specimens, with discussion of anomaly as a potential anti-predator function of hindwing diversity. J. Lepid. Soc. 27: 175-92.
------.· 1974. Melanism in moths of central Massachusetts (Noctuidae, Geometridae). J. Lepid. Soc. 28: 145-52.
Sargent, T. D. & S. A. Hessel. 1970. Studies on the Catocala (Noctuidae) of southern New England. I. Abundance and seasonal occurrence of the species, 1961-1969. ]. Lepid. Soc. 24: l05-17.
Sargent, T. D. & R. R. Keiper. 1969. Behavioral adaptations of cryptic moths. I. Preliminary studies on bark-like species. ]. Lepid. Soc. 23: 1-9.
Sargent, T. D. & D. F. Owen. 1975- Apparent stability in hindwing diversity in samples of moths of varying species composition. Oikos 26: 205-10.
Schneider, D. 1962. Electrophysiological investigation on the olfactory specificity of sexual attracting substances in different species of moths. ]. Insect Physiol. 8: 15-30.
Schwarz, E. 1915. Recent work on Catocalae: a new aberration and correction (Lep.). Entomol. News 26: 289-90.
------. 1916. Observations on the habits of Catocala titania Dodge (Lepid.) Entomol. News 27:67-69.
------. 1919. On the early stages of Catocala titania Dodge, and a description of three new varieties of Catocala (Lep.). Entomol. News 30: 14-17.
Seitz, A. 1914. The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Section I. Vol. 3- The Palearctic Noctuidae (text and plates). Stuttgart.
Sevastopulo, D. G. 1974. A proposal for the uniform treatment of in-frasubspecific variation by lepidopterists. J. Lepid. Soc. 28: 289-90.
Shorey, H. H. 1964. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. II. Mating behavior of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with special reference to the role of the sex pheromone. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 57: 371-77.
------. ·1966. The biology of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). IV. Environmental control of mating· Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59:502-6.
Shorey, H. H. & L. K. Gaston. 1965a. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. V. Circadian rhythm of pheromone-responsiveness in males of Autographa californica, Heliothis virescens, Spodoptera exigua, and TrichopIusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 58: 597-600.
------. 1965b. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. VII. Quantitative aspects of the production and release of pheromone by females of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 58: 604 - 8.
------. 1970. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths· XX. Short-range orientation by pheromone-stirnulated males of Trichoplusia hi. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 63: 829-32.
Shorey, H. H., L. K. Gaston & J. S. Roberts. 1965. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. VI. Absence of behavioral specificity for the female sex pheromones of Trichoplusia ni versus Autographa californica and Heliothis zea versus H. virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ann. En-tomol. Soc. Amer. 58:600-603.
Shorey, H. H., S. U. McFarland & L. K. Gaston. 1968. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. XIII. Changes in pheromone quantity, as related to reproductive age and mating history, in females of seven species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). Ann. EntomoI. Soc. Amer. 61:372-76.
Shorey, H. H., K. L. Morin & L. K. Gaston. 1968. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. XV. Timing of development of pheromone-responsiveness and other indicators of reproductive age in males of eight species. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61: 857-61.
Sillman, A. J. 1973. Avian vision. In Avian Biology, D. S. Farner & J. R. King, eds. Vol. 3. Academic Press, New York, pp. 349-87.
Smyth, E. A., Jr. 1899. The Catocalae of Montgomery County, Virginia. Entomol. News 10: 282-86.
Snyder, A. J. 1897a. A remarkable appearance of Catocala insolabilis. Canad. Entomol. 29:76.
------. 1897b. A rare Catocala. Canad. Entomol. 29:2.20.
Sokolov, E. N. 1960. Neuronal models and the orienting reflex. In The Central Nervous System and Behavior, M. A. B. Brazier, ed. Joseph Macy, Jr. Found., New York. pp. 187-276.
Sower, L. L., H. H. Shorey & L. K. Gaston. 1970. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. XXI. Light-dark cycle regulation and light inhibition of sex pheromone release by females of Trichoplusia ni. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 63:1090-92.
------.· 1971. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. XXV. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on circadian rhythms of sex pheromone release by females of Trichoplusia ni. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 64: 488-92·
Spieth, H. T. 1952. Mating behavior within the genus Drosophila (Diptera). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 99: 395-474.
Stowers, N. 1916. A sugaring trip for Catocalas. Lepidopterist 1:87-89.
Strecker, H. 1872-77. Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, Indigenous and Exotic, with Descriptions and Colored Illustrations. Reading, Pennsylvania. 143 pp.
------. 1897. Catocala jair -- new species from Florida. Entomol. News 8: 116-17.
Swynnerton, C. F. M. 1926. An investigation into the defences of butterflies of the genus Charaxes. Proc. 3rd Intern. Entomol. Congr., Zurich (1925) 2; 478-506.
Tietz, H. M. 1972. An Index to the Described Life Histories, Early Stages and Hosts of the Macrolepidoptera of the Continental United States and Canada. 2 vols. Allyn Mus. Entomol., Sarasota, Florida.
Tinbergen, L. 1960. The natural control of insects in pine woods. I. Factors influencing the intensity of predation by song birds. Arch. Neerl. Zool· 13:265-343.
Turner, E. R. A. 1961. Survival value of different methods of camouflage as shown in a model population. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 136:273-83.
Urquhart, F. A. 1960. The Monarch Butterfly. Univ. Toronto Press. 361 pp.
Villiard, P. 1969. Moths and How to Rear Them. Funk & Wagnalls. New York. 242 pp.
Walker, F. 1854-66. List of Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. 35 pts. London.
Wigglesworth, V. B. 1972. The Principles of Insect Physiology. Seventh ed. Chapman & Hall, London· 827 pp.
Wilkinson, R. S. 1971a. Bio-bibliographical foreword. In An Illustrated Essay on the Noctuidae of North America, with A Colony of Butterflies, A. R. Grote 1882; reprinted by E. W. Classey, Ltd., Middlesex, England.
------. 1971b. Daylight collecting of Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Michigan Entomol. 4:59-60.
Williams, C. B. 1935. The times of activity of certain nocturnal insects, chiefly Lepidoptera, as indicated by a light-trap. Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London 83: 523-55.
------. 1939. An analysis of four years captures of insects in a light trap. Part 1. General survey; sex proportion phenology; and time of flight. Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London 89: 79-131.
------. ·1958. Insect Migration. Collins, London. 235 pp.
Wilson, E. O. & W. H. Bossert. 1963. Chemical communication among animals· Recent Prog. Hormone Res. 19: 673-716.
Wormsbacher, H. 1918. Collecting Catocalae along Lake Erie. Lepidoptera 2: 54.
Worthington, C. E. 1883. On certain Catocala. Papilio 3:39-41.
Wyman, L. C. & F. L. Bailey. 1964. Navaho Indian Ethnoentomology. Univ. New Mexico Press. Alburquerque. 158 pp.
Young, F. N. 1958. Some facts and theories about the broods and periodicity of the periodical cicadas. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 68:164-70.